<p>The South Carolina Governors Mansion  is a historic USA governors mansion in the Arsenal Hill neighborhood of Columbia, South Carolina and the official residence of the Governor of South Carolina. It is a Federal style home influenced by British Colonial plantations. The mansion is located on a single city block, It is located in Columbia Historic District I.</p><br>
<p>The mansion is currently occupied by Governor Henry McMaster and his family.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>1800s</h3><br>
<p>It is unknown who the buildings original architect was, but George Edward Walker, who designed other buildings in the area is believed to have constructed the mansion. The mansion was the only surviving building of the former academy complex. Governor James L. Orr designated the building as the official state governors mansion in 1868. In 1869, $2,500 was used by local architect A. Y. Lee to make the property suitable as an executive residence. However, the money was depleted before the renovation was completed and Governor Robert K. Scott had to relocate into an unfinished house. Since 1868, only three governors of the state have not lived in the mansion, staying instead in their own private residences within Columbia. The first to do so, Daniel Henry Chamberlain, lived in a nearby mansion, most likely because the governor&#39;s mansion was in disrepair. The state leased the official residence to a private family who used it as a boardinghouse. Later, in 1886, Governor John Peter Richardson III donated $2,700 to make significant modifications to the building.</p><br>
<h3>1900s</h3><br>
<p>The building had demonstrated severe structural defects by the end of the 1940s, but only in 1955 did repairs begin, causing George Timmerman and his family to abandon the mansion for one year. The commission purchased the adjacent Lace House for $67,000 in 1968, creating the Governors Mansion Complex. In 1970, the South Carolina state legislature gave the commission the power to review improvements to the complex. In 1977, Ann Edwards, the governors wife, initiated the Governors Mansion Foundation, a not-for-profit organization to raise funds to pay for the mansions historic furnishings. At the same time, the neighboring Caldwell-Boylston House was purchased, which, along with the Lace House, now provides office area, a gift shop, meeting space, and entertainment space. In 1986, all three buildings were connected by a landscaping project, making a 9 acre complex.</p><br>
<p>In 1988, more structural defects were exposed from previous repairs, but plans to renovate yet again were not made quickly. During the term of Carroll A. Campbell, the only significant additions to the complex were that of a new guardhouse and second fountain. The renovation project began while David M. Beasley was governor, but was not completed until 2001, with a total cost of over $6 million, which exceeded the $3.7 million allocated by the state. Governor James H. Hodges became the first governor in 120 years not to live in the mansion in 1999.</p><br>
<h3>2000s</h3><br>
<p>In 2003, Governor Mark Sanford announced that, as a result of a $150,000 budget deficit, the mansion would have to be closed for several months. Sanford said that the state could not afford to pay for the mansion&#39;s employees, utilities, and food. He also accused the previous governor, Jim Hodges, of overspending and ending the employment of prison inmates as butlers and maids (after allegations of sexual misconduct between inmates while working at the mansion in 2001), causing the state to have to pay for 11 employees. He also criticized the former governor for misappropriating $100,000 in other funding for the mansion two days before leaving office. However, Hodges said that the money assigned for the mansion had never been enough and that it was usual to use other funds to help maintain the residence. Sanford supporter John Rainey established a relief fund to help the building stay operational. A local company, Adluh Flour, donated grits and other wheat and corn products to the governor. In 2008, improvements to make the building more energy-efficient were completed.</p><br>
<p>Mount Doublehead is a twin-peaked mountain in eastern New Hampshire, United States. It is located in the town of Jackson, Carroll County, in the eastern White Mountains. North Doublehead has an elevation of 3,053 feet  above sea level, while South Doublehead has an elevation of 2,939 ft .</p><br>
<p>Doublehead stands within the watershed of the Saco River, which drains into the Gulf of Maine. The eastern and southern slopes of Doublehead drain into the East Branch of the Saco River. The northwest side of Doublehead drains into Great Brook, thence into Wildcat Brook, the Ellis River, and into the Saco.</p><br>
<p>In 1934, the American composer Alan Hovhaness (1911–2000), who frequently climbed the White Mountains during his youth, wrote a composition for piano entitled Fog on Mount Double Head (Op. 1, no. 2).</p><br>
<p>South of the White Mountains, Doublehead Mountain (elevation 2,158 ft/657.8 m) is found in Sandwich, New Hampshire (also in Carroll County), in the Squam Mountains overlooking Squam Lake.</p><br>
<p>Spurrier&#39;s Tavern was a tavern and horse-changing depot which stood by the main road between Baltimore and Washington, D.C.  from 1771 to 1835 near what is now Jessup, Maryland.</p><br>
<h2>1700s</h2><br>
<p>The tavern was built on 190 acres of land patented by Thomas Spurrier as "Spurriers Lot" which fronted the trail from Philadelphia to Georgetown. During the American Revolutionary War, Spurriers tavern was significant as a supply and resting point for the Continental Army; George Washington was a frequent visitor, spending a night in the tavern en route to his inauguration. It became the central meeting place of the Elk Ridge Militia. In 1781 the depositions of the contested will of James MacGill of Athol were taken at the tavern. Thomas Twining, a British passenger on a stage coach trip from Baltimore to Georgetown in April 1796, described Spurrier&#39;s as a "solitary inn" at which they "found the usual substantial American breakfast".</p><br>
<h2>1800s</h2><br>
<p>John Spurriers estate was sold in June 1811 to Rosalie Calvert (1778–1821). After 1812, the Inn was renamed Waterloo by an anti-Napoleon innkeeper; the tavern served stagecoaches bound for Washington, D.C., during the early 19th century. On December 7, 1812, the state authorized a company to run the Baltimore-Washington road in front of Spurriers as a turnpike. John Pendleton Kennedy, a young militiaman during the War of 1812, wrote of his Fifth Regiments stopping in 1814 "at Waterloo, then McCoys Tavern" for dinner, ultimately on their way to Bladensburg. In 1815, brick stables were built following a hurricane. An 1827 lithograph by T.M. Baynes shows the inn as a tall two-story 3-bay wide structure with front porch, lantern, and sign servicing stagecoaches. The Inn had individual rooms and hot baths for travelers. Following nearly twenty years without a title, the property was recorded in 1832 to the widowed husband of Rosalie, George Calvert (1768–1838) of Anne Arundel County (Liber W.S.G 17 folio 193-195). At its peak before rail traffic in 1835, the Phoenix Stage serviced passengers between Baltimore and Washington with five-hour trips, with the tavern as midpoint. The tavern burned down on July 3, 1835, at a time when Irish and German B&O work teams were fighting and burning each other&#39;s camps nearby. The furniture was saved by stage passengers at the inn.</p><br>
<p>In 1836, George Calverts estate was divided three ways, giving his daughter Caroline the 516 acre Spurrier property. Carolines husband protested that the property was not equally valuable since the fire at the tavern. In 1841, as a supplement to the act that passed nearly thirty years prior, the State of Maryland recognized the Waterloo property along the Baltimore Washington Turnpike road as belonging to Caroline M Morris, for purposes of coordinating any route alterations. Morris owned what was then known as Waterloo farm; the prior act referred to the property as McCoy&#39;s Tavern. Morris ( Calvert, 1800–1842) had married Thomas Willing Morris (1792–1852) on June 19, 1823.</p><br>
<h2>1900s</h2><br>
<p>In 1917, the state of Maryland bought parts of two former farms adjoining the Baltimore and Washington boulevard at Waterloo, totaling 530 acres, for the use of the Maryland House of Correction. Referred to as Shamrock farm and Waterloo farm, both were described favorably by the Maryland State College of Agriculture (renamed a few years later as the University of Maryland). According to a 1980 inventory of the Maryland House of Correction by the Maryland Historical Trust, "farming was discontinued during the 1960s and lands were sold off to the Maryland State Police, the Patuxent Institution, the Correctional Institution for Women and the Correctional Camp Center, and the Maryland Wholesale Produce Market complex on the southeast corner of Route 1 and Route 175."</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>The former location of Spurriers Tavern is now the major intersection of USA 1 and Maryland Route 175 in Jessup, Maryland. A Holiday Inn now occupies the site, which bears Maryland historical markers. At least three such markers have been posted along these roads. The text of the markers has changed slightly over the years, adding some detail and removing notice of its being the place where George Washingtons horse died. Washington mentioned Spurrier&#39;s several times in his diary entries.</p><br>
<h3>Historical marker text</h3><br>
<p>The Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum, subsequently the Weston State Hospital, was a Kirkbride psychiatric hospital that operated from 1864 until 1994 by the government of the USA state of West Virginia, in the city of Weston.</p><br>
<p>Built by architect Richard Andrews, it was constructed from 1858-1881. Originally designed to hold 250 people, it became overcrowded in the 1950s with 2,400 patients. It was forcibly closed in 1994 due to changes in patient treatment. The hospital was bought by Joe Jordan in 2007, and is opened for tours and other events to raise money for its restoration. The hospital&#39;s main building is claimed to be one of the largest hand-cut stone masonry buildings in the United States, and the second largest hand-cut sandstone building in the world, with the only bigger one being in the Moscow Kremlin. As Weston Hospital Main Building, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hospital was authorized by the Virginia General Assembly in the early 1850s as the Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum. Following consultations with Thomas Story Kirkbride, then-superintendent of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, a building in the Kirkbride Plan was designed in the Gothic Revival and Tudor Revival styles by Richard Snowden Andrews (1830–1903), Construction on the site, along the West Fork River opposite downtown Weston, began in late 1858. Work was initially conducted by prison laborers; a local newspaper in November of that year noted "seven convict negroes" as the first arrivals for work on the project. Skilled stonemasons were later brought in from Germany and Ireland.</p><br>
<p>Construction was interrupted by the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. Following its secession from the United States, the government of Virginia demanded the return of the hospital&#39;s unused construction funds for its defense. Before this could occur, the 7th Ohio Volunteer Infantry seized the money from a local bank, delivering it to Wheeling. It was put toward the establishment of the Reorganized Government of Virginia, which sided with the northern states during the war. The Reorganized Government appropriated money to resume construction in 1862. Following the admission of West Virginia as a USA state in 1863, the hospital was renamed the West Virginia Hospital for the Insane. The first patients were admitted in October 1864, but construction continued into 1881. The 200-foot (61 m) central clock tower was completed in 1871, and separate rooms for black people were completed in 1873. The hospital was intended to be self-sufficient, and a farm, dairy, waterworks, and cemetery were located on its grounds, which ultimately reached 666 acre in area. A gas well was drilled on the grounds in 1902. Its name was again changed to Weston State Hospital in 1913.</p><br>
<p>Originally designed to house 250 patients in solitude, the hospital held 717 patients by 1880; 1,661 in 1938; over 1,800 in 1949; and, at its peak, 2,600 in the 1950s in overcrowded conditions. A 1938 report by a survey committee organized by a group of North American medical organizations found that the hospital housed "epileptics, alcoholics, drug addicts and non-educable mental defectives" among its population. A series of reports by The Charleston Gazette in 1949 found poor sanitation and insufficient furniture, lighting, and heating in much of the complex, while one wing, which had been rebuilt using Works Progress Administration funds following a 1935 fire started by a patient, was comparatively luxurious.</p><br>
<p>By the 1980s, the hospital had a reduced population due to changes in the treatment of mental illness. Those patients who could not be controlled were often locked in cages. In 1986, then-Governor Arch Moore announced plans to build a new psychiatric facility elsewhere in the state and convert the Weston hospital to a prison. Ultimately the new facility, the William R. Sharpe Jr. Hospital, was built in Weston and the old Weston State Hospital was simply closed in May 1994. The building and its grounds have since been mostly vacant, aside from local events such as fairs, church revivals, and tours. In 1999, all four floors of the interior of the building were damaged by several city and county police officers playing paintball, three of whom were dismissed over the incident.</p><br>
<p>Efforts towards adaptive reuse of the building have included proposals to convert the building into a Civil War Museum and a hotel and golf course complex. A non-profit 501(c)3 organization, the Weston Hospital Revitalization Committee, was formed in 2000 for the purpose of aiding the preservation of the building and finding appropriate tenants. Three small museums devoted to military history, toys, and mental health were opened on the first floor of the building in 2004, but were soon forced to close due to fire code violations.</p><br>
<p>The hospital was auctioned by the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources on August 29, 2007. Joe Jordan, an asbestos demolition contractor from Morgantown, was the high bidder and paid $1.5 million for the 242,000 ft&sup2; building. Bidding started at $500,000. Joe Jordan has also begun maintenance projects on the former hospital grounds. In October 2007, a Fall Fest was held at the Weston State Hospital. Guided historic and paranormal daytime tours were offered as well as evening ghost hunts and paranormal tours.</p><br>
<h2>On television</h2><br>
<p>Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum was featured as a haunted location on several paranormal television shows, including Ghost Stories, Syfys Ghost Hunters, Travel Channels Ghost Adventures, and Paranormal Lockdown on Destination America/TLC.</p><br>
<p>Chantry Island is a small island in Lake Huron, south of the mouth of the Saugeen River and approximately a kilometre off the shores of the town of Southampton, Ontario and south of the mouth of the Saugeen River on Lake Huron. It is approximately 19 hectares  in size and is a migratory bird sanctuary. Since the sanctuary territory extends 183 metres into the water surrounding the island, the total official area is listed as 63 hectares .</p><br>
<p>British naval officer and surveyor Henry Wolsey Bayfield named the island in 1822 after the British sculptor Francis Leggatt Chantrey.</p><br>
<p>The island was designated as one of the Canadian Wildlife Service&#39;s migratory bird sanctuaries in 1957 because it is an important migratory stop for birds traveling to northern nesting sites. At certain times of year, it is home for many mating birds including, double crested cormorant, seagulls, herring gull, ring billed gull, black-crowned night herons, great blue herons and great egrets.</p><br>
<p>Fisheries and Oceans Canada owns the island (and some of the surrounding water) and leases it to the Municipality of Saugeen Shores, Ontario. The Ontario region of the Canadian Wildlife Service manages the sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>The island is the location of one of the six Imperial Towers, the Chantry Island Lighthouse, which was constructed in 1859; the keeper&#39;s dwelling was built at the same time. Fully restored, both are listed on the Canadian Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Because the island is a bird sanctuary, only a single company, the Marine Heritage Society, has a permit to take visitors for a tour of the lightstation, several times a week from late May to mid-September; the rest of the island is off limits to such visitors.</p><br>
<p>Stratton&#39;s Independence Mine and Mill is a historic gold mining site near Victor, Colorado on the south slope of Battle Mountain. Between late 1893 and April 1899, approximately 200,000 ounces  of gold was removed from the Independence Mine.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the spring of 1891 W. S. Stratton persuaded Leslie Popejoy to grubstake him in the Cripple Creek District in return for half the profits. Stratton staked two claims on the south slope of Battle Mountain on July 4, 1891. He called the two claims the Independence and the Washington in honor of the holiday. Stratton quickly sold his house and two lots, one in Denver and one in Colorado Springs, so that he could buy out Popejoy&#39;s share. His reason: some assays from the Independence lode showed a value of $380 per ton gold.</p><br>
<p>One boulder from the Independence mine brought $60,000, which Stratton used to sink a chute. In doing so he tapped directly into a rich vein.</p><br>
<p>The next year, in 1892, Stratton also hit gold in the Washington mine.</p><br>
<p>Stratton became the Cripple Creek District&#39;s first millionaire.</p><br>
<p>When Cripple Creek miners went on strike in 1894, Stratton&#39;s Independence mine and the Portland mine came to an agreement with them, against the wishes of other mine owners.</p><br>
<p>Stratton had incorporated the Portland company and was its first president and largest stockholder.</p><br>
<p>Stratton developed a theory that the gold veins in the Cripple Creek District converged at a great depth, roughly in the shape of a goblet. This theory did not pan out, however.</p><br>
<p>The mining companies became concerned about ore theft, and in 1897 they began hiring the services of Pinkerton agents.</p><br>
<p>In 1900 Stratton sold the Independence mine to the Venture Corporation of London for $10 million. The Venture Corporation incorporated the property as Stratton&#39;s Independence Ltd. and sold shares on the London stock exchange. The ore reserves were discovered to be less than previously thought in late 1900, and the share price crashed. Venture Corporation sued Stratton, claiming that the mine had been salted. Stratton died in 1902, but his estate defeated the lawsuit.</p><br>
<p>In May 1900, two Western Federation of Miners (WFM) union representatives checked for union membership cards at the Independence mine. Approximately a hundred miners belonged to the union, and six or eight did not. One of the union representatives talked to the miners, who echoed the union rep&#39;s view that they would prefer not to work alongside non-union workers. Mine Superintendent Summers talked the non-union men into joining the union in order to promote harmony in the workforce.</p><br>
<p>In September 1900, the Independence mine was the first mine in the District to introduce a new stripping order requiring all underground workers to undress in one room of a change house and walk into another room in the nude while a guard observed. This was to take place at start and end of each shift. The new rule was implemented to prevent high grading (theft of gold ore) by the mine workers.</p><br>
<p>Five hundred miners met at Victor&#39;s Armory Hall, and they decided that while they would help stop ore thieves, they refused to work under the stripping rule. A compromise was reached which allowed the miners to strip to their undergarments. But the miners were unhappy. After the new practice was in place for about a month, a Pinkerton searched the miners at the end of a shift. No ore was found, and the miners walked out.</p><br>
<p>Three days later Independence mine manager A.H. Shipman met with the WFM Executive Board. He ultimately agreed to abolish the Pinkerton guard system, to appoint a guard for the change rooms from candidates the union proposed, and to accept a closed shop. Under the agreement, any miner suspected of high-grading could be searched by a fellow union member in the presence of a watchman. Shipman also announced that he would support membership in the WFM by miners in return for the union&#39;s help in stopping the practice of high grading.</p><br>
<p>In 1902 the miners at the Independence mine bought diamond rings for Shipman, who had negotiated the closed shop, for Superintendent Sam Lobb, and for Assistant Manager R.J. Grant. The miners and the managers enjoyed a "little smoking session" at Shipman&#39;s home after the presentation.</p><br>
<h3>Colorado Labor Wars</h3><br>
<p>In 1903 there was a major strike by the Western Federation of Miners. Many miners throughout the Cripple Creek District walked out of any mines that were shipping ore to the mills at Colorado City, in order to support a strike by the mill workers there.</p><br>
<h4>Cage mishap kills fifteen</h4><br>
<p>On the night of January 26, 1904, non-union replacement workers were coming off shift in the Independence Mine when the cage that they were riding in had a serious mishap. The cage was drawn into the sheave wheel at the top of the shaft. The cable that supported the cage was severed, and the cage fell. Fifteen miners fell into the shaft, 1500 feet deep.</p><br>
<p>The investigation focused on safety arrangements, and the qualifications of the hoisting engineer. One miner, James Bullock, survived the accident. His testimony to the coroner&#39;s jury describes the disaster:</p><br>
<p>... We kept going right along but it kept slipping; we would go a little ways and then we would slip again; then he took us about six feet above the collar of the shaft, then he lowered us back down.</p><br>
<p>Q. Did he stop six feet above the shaft?</p><br>
<p>A. He stopped just for a second or two; then he lowered us and it must have gotten beyond his control, for we dropped about sixty or seventy feet, we were going pretty. We said to each other we are all gone. Then he raised us up about ten feet; then he stopped us and it slipped back again, and we went to the sheave wheel as fast as we could go. When I was going up there, I began to crouch to save myself from the hard blow. I seen a piece of timber about one foot wide, and I grabbed hold and held myself up there and pretty soon the cage dropped and I began to holler for a ladder to get down.</p><br>
<p>The hoisting engineer&#39;s testimony is also quite descriptive of the incident:</p><br>
<p>I tried several times, but that time the cage was at the collar of the shaft. I immediately reversed the engine and sent the cage back 100 feet. I again tried the brakes, reversed the engine, and brought the cage back to the surface. The brake was still stuck; I could not move it. I again reversed the engine and sent the cage back about the same distance and stepped over to the other side and took hold of the other brake, and it was in the same condition. The second time the cage came to the surface, I called three times for the shift boss, for God&#39;s sake come and help me put on the brakes. In the meantime, I was reversing the engine backwards and forwards. Mr. MacDonald came and two other men with him. I said come up and help me put on the brakes, and then I discovered the hood of the cage above the collar of the shaft. I immediately reversed the engine, but it was too late.</p><br>
<p>The coroners jury found the brakes had been inspected six hours before the accident, and the brakes were working after the accident. The coroners jury questioned another hoisting engineer from the Stratton Mine about the qualifications of the engineer operating the hoist. They learned that "the employer had taken the man&#39;s word – nothing more – as to his qualifications. The engineer involved in the fatal accident, however, had been recommended by a former employer."</p><br>
<p>The coroners report stated that the engineer had lost control because of managements negligence, having failed to properly install a safety device to prevent overwinding. Also, the disk brakes on the hoisting engine had been detached.</p><br>
<p>The Western Federation of Miners echoed the coroner&#39;s charge of mismanagement. Although the property was at that time guarded by soldiers and enclosed by the main militia encampment, providing no access to union members, management accused the union of tampering with the machinery.</p><br>
<p>One hundred and sixty-eight non-union men reportedly quit the Independence Mine because of the incident.</p><br>
<p>Just a few months later, after several violent incidents occurred in the district, the WFM was driven out by force of arms in a struggle that came to be called the Colorado Labor Wars.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Washington claim is within granite, while the Independence is within a breccia, which was a better gold producer. The Independence shaft reached 70 feet by 1894 and was producing 800 tons of ore per month, with 3.5 ounces of gold per ton. In 1895, the shaft reached 300 feet, and was producing 90 tons per month. The shaft was down to 900 feet by 1897 when Venture Corporation Ltd. purchased the property. Phonolite dikes permeate both the granite and the breccia. "In many places ore occurs in phonolite dikes, nearly always as calaverite in very narrow fissures associated with fluorite and quartz as gangue".</p><br>
<p>Green River Lake is a 8,210 acre reservoir in Adair, Taylor, and Casey counties in Kentucky lying in the section of Kentucky known as the Highland Rim.</p><br>
<p>The lake was developed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in 1969 by impounding the Green River. The dam is an 11-mile drive equidistant from the cities of Campbellsville and Columbia. The lake is located 90 miles southeast of Louisville.</p><br>
<p>Operated and maintained primarily for flood control, the lake has become the major attraction of Green River Lake State Park.</p><br>
<h2>Green River Lake Dam</h2><br>
<p>The earthen dam (National ID # KY03007, at 37.246&deg; latitude, -85.340&deg; longitude), owned and operated by the Corps of Engineers, stands 144 feet high, with a length of 2350 feet at its crest. Its riverine reservoir has a normal surface area of 12.8 square miles, a maximum capacity of 723,200 acre-feet, and normal storage of 244,100 acre-feet. The US$33.4 million construction cost of the Green River Lake Project was authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1938.</p><br>
<p>Green River Lake is the largest project in the Louisville District—counting both the land and water acreage (33,793 acres). The Green River is the longest river, at 370 miles, to flow completely within the Commonwealth of Kentucky&#39;s borders. Green River Lake also is home to the first Interpretative Center, opened in 1972, in the Louisville Engineer District.</p><br>
<h2>Benefits of the Lake</h2><br>
<p>According to the US Army Corps of Engineers website: "Green River Lake has prevented over $123.39 million in flood damages since impoundment, and in fiscal year 2008 alone the lake generated approximately $34.75 million in visitor expenditures. In addition to flood protection and recreation, Corps lakes provide immeasurable benefits to the local economy.</p><br>
<p>Prior records:</p><br>
<p>FY2008 (Flood Damages prevention - $123.39 million (total to date); Visitor Expenditures - 34.75 million)</p><br>
<p>FY2007 (Flood Damages prevention - $116.9 million (total to date))</p><br>
<p>FY2006 (Flood Damages prevention - $116.5 million (total to date); Visitor Expenditures - 34.6 million)</p><br>
<p>FY2004 (Flood Damages prevention - 109.2 million (total to date); Visitor Expenditures - 33.0 million)</p><br>
<p>FY2003 (Flood Damages prevention - 101.9 million (total to date); Visitor Expenditures - 30.3 million)</p><br>
<p>FY2002 (Visitor Expenditures - 30.2 million)</p><br>
<p>Under former Mayor Robert L. Miller, Campbellsville developed a water line from Green River Lake to serve the city, the seat of Taylor County.</p><br>
<p>The Ripoll is a river in the comarca of Vallès Occidental, Catalonia, Spain. It covers the vast majority of the shire, crossing it from north to south, and flows into the river Besòs, near Barcelona.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The source of the river is located in the Serra de Granera, at 640 m of elevation, and it discharges in Montcada i Reixac, at 35.5 m. It has a length of 39.5 km, with a total of 181.5 km, once its tributaries are included. It covers the vast majority of the comarca of Vallès Occidental, passing through the municipalities of Sant Llorenç Savall, Castellar del Vallès, Sabadell, Barberà del Vallès, Ripollet and Montcada i Reixac. Throughout the comarca, it crosses alluvial clay terrains, which erodes easily, causing the river to carve a deep path into the soil.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Throughout its history, the river was used by the inhabitants of the surrounding area for irrigation. Irrigation has been in place from at least the mid-10th century, when priests of Sant Llorenç built an irrigation system that is still used to work the orchards along the riverside and mills to produce flour.</p><br>
<p>As modernization also reached the area, most of the mills were reconverted to produce paper. However, by the 18th century, the production of paper had ceased to be a dominant industry along the river.</p><br>
<p>During the 19th century, the mills of the riverside were reconverted again, this time into textile factories, which lasted until the late 20th century. Due to the dyes and chemicals used in the textile industry, the water of the river became heavily polluted.</p><br>
<p>More recently, because of the Catalan textile crisis, most of the factories were abandoned or reconverted for other uses, lessening the strain on the river&#39;s water quality. Recently, there have been initiatives to recover the Ripoll for community recreation, by restoring the river, which had deteriorated due not only to industrial pollution but also to the shanty towns made by immigrants who came to work in the mills from Southern Spain during the 1960s.</p><br>
<h2>1962 disaster</h2><br>
<p>In 1962, the Vallès Occidental suffered a period of strong floods followed by winds that devastated the shire and caused hundreds of deaths. The immigrants from southern Spain who were extremely poor and had settled in the riverside suffered the worst consequences.</p><br>
<p>The Tennessee School for the Deaf is a state-operated residential and day school for deaf and hard-of-hearing students ranging from pre-kindergarten to grade 12 and also includes a post-secondary transition program. It is located in Knoxville, Tennessee within the historic Island Home Park neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>The school was established in 1844 as the Tennessee Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. The first students were enrolled in 1845.</p><br>
<p>The Tennessee School for the Deaf is a part of the Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association. It fields high school sports teams in football, basketball, track and field, cross-country running, volleyball, and swimming, which compete against public school teams as well as teams from other schools for the deaf. Cheerleading is also included in the athletic program.</p><br>
<p>Paintsville Lake is a 1,139 acre reservoir in Johnson and Morgan counties in eastern Kentucky. It was impounded from Paint Creek in 1983 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. It is the major attraction of Paintsville Lake State Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Paintsville Lake officially opened to the public in 1983, three years before Paintsville Lake State Park was established.</p><br>
<p>On December 9, 1978, ten-thousand Johnson County residences had to be evacuated from the area below the construction site of the Paintsville Lake dam. This is because the area had recently received eight inches (200 mm) of rain, which had caused a leak in the coffer dam that was keeping the construction site of the actual dam dry. The dam did not break, and the residents were allowed to return to their homes the following day.</p><br>
<h2>Fish species</h2><br>
<p>Paintsville Lake has a variety of game fishing species. Fish that can be caught in the lake include:</p><br>
<p>Shanty Hollow Lake is a 135 acre reservoir mostly in Warren County, Kentucky, but also extending into Edmonson County. It was constructed in 1951. The lake is located approximately 17 mi north of Bowling Green and is used for fishing. Fish which may be taken from the lake include largemouth bass, bluegill, redear sunfish, black crappie, white crappie, warmouth, channel catfish, and common carp. Shanty Hollow Lake is a man-made lake, created by the damming of Clay Lick Creek.</p><br>
<p>Warmouth or Walleye have not been seen in this lake for years.</p><br>
<p>It is a lake fed by both stream and spring.</p><br>
<p>Shanty Hollow has a unique sandstone geology, underlying shale and subsequent limestone. It is popular with the local population for rock climbing and rappelling. It has a waterfall and a spring. Most of the land surrounding the lake is privately owned. There are many fossil molds and impressions of wood and bark structures in the sandstone facies, and many of these have been replaced with iron concretions.</p><br>
<p>The lake has a boat ramp and parking area that are in general to major disrepair. Trash and stray or drop off animals are a continued problem due to the rural location of the lake. Vandalism is highly present in the parking area. The main trail is to the right of the parking area, leading down towards the sandstone bluffs and an area called White Buffalo; it is called this due to a pastel drawing of a white buffalo or wolf drawn on the palisades of a box type canyon. Multiple climbing routes are located along this trail with numerous rock shelters and boulders to climb. Further down, the trail gains elevation and leads to a unique section of rock where the water has carved a zig-zag of formations and least 12 feet deep and 30 feet long; this is known affectionately as the "Mini Grand Canyon". Past numerous dripping springs lies a 150 ft waterfall. This area is used as a free fall rappel area and has a picnic area. Across the creek are more sandstone bluffs and rock shelters that contain delicate wind formed structures in the sandstone known as honeycomb formations.</p><br>
<p>Shany Hollow lake is considered one of the top ten most unusual and beautiful places in South Central Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>The Missouri Theatre, is a concert and entertainment venue in downtown Columbia, Missouri, occupying most of a city block between 9th street between Locust and Elm Streets. It was designed after the Opéra Garnier by the Boller Brothers, built in 1928, and is on the National Register of Historic Places. It is Columbia&#39;s only surviving pre-Depression movie palace and vaudeville stage. In 2011, the University of Missouri began a three-year lease of the facility. The Missouri Theatre is the resident home of the Missouri Symphony Orchestra, and is also frequently used by University of Missouri and civic groups. As of July 1, 2014, The University of Missouri took over ownership of the Missouri Theatre.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The theater opened on October 5, 1928. It was built at a cost of over 400,000 dollars which is equivalent to over 4.5 million dollars today. Advertisements in the Columbia Daily Tribune proclaimed the "Formal Opening of your new Missouri Theatre—Friday Evening… A $400,000 Showhouse of Unrivaled Beauty and Extravagant Setting in Central Missouri. The Magnificent Splendor of This Palace of Amusement Will Dazzle and Thrill You." Telegrams were received from The United Artist in Hollywood, as well as from actors such as Charlie Chaplin and Gloria Swanson, congratulating the managers of the theater. On opening night the performers included The Missouri Rockettes (later to become the Radio City Rockettes) and Jack Keith and his Missouri Orchestra. It was rumored that Bob Hope also made an appearance. The Theatre operated much in this fashion as well as a movie palace until 1953.</p><br>
<p>Because of its size and extravagance the Missouri Theatre was difficult to maintain and was leased to Commonwealth Theaters, Inc. in 1953 who operated it as a single-screen movie theater until 1983. In 1979 the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The advent of the multiscreen cinemas in Columbia lead to the eventually purchase of the theatre by the Missouri Symphony Society on January 7, 1988.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, the Missouri Symphony Society began plans to transform the Missouri Theatre into the Missouri Theatre Center for the Arts (MTCA). The Missouri Symphony Society experienced record-breaking success in 2005 with the Hot Summer Nights Music Festival as more than 11,200 music lovers attended concerts featuring Maestro Kirk Trevor, the Missouri Symphony Orchestra, and world-renowned guest artists throughout its eight-week summer season.</p><br>
<p>On July 28, 2007, the restoration of the Missouri Theatre began after the conclusion of the Hot Summer Nights Music Festival. The following summer, the fully restored Missouri Theatre Center for the Arts re-opened with Tony Bennett and the Hot Summer Nights Music Festival. The renovations included a new second floor with administrative offices and a 2,500 sq. ft. rooftop patio.</p><br>
<p>In 2011 Missouri Theatre became home to the University Concert Series, and acts as a recital and performance venue for many University of Missouri School of Music performance groups. The Box Office is operated by Event Production Services a department of Operation Auxiliary and Services in the division of Campus Operations at the University of Missouri.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The interior of the building is ornate baroque and rococo style of the Louis XIV and XV periods. It was designed after the Paris Opera House by the Boller Brothers Architects of Kansas City, Missouri. Much original detail still exist, including Belgian marble wainscoting, plaster reliefs, stained glass and, one of the most notable features, an 1800-pound Italian auditorium chandelier featuring crystal prisms and etched panels. At one time, the deep red carpet in the grand lobby had the Great Seal of Missouri and the letter M woven into it.</p><br>
<h2>Missouri Symphony Orchestra</h2><br>
<p>Missouri Theatre is the home of mid-Missouri&#39;s only professional resident symphony orchestra, the Missouri Symphony Orchestra (MSO). Established by the Missouri Symphony Society in 1976, the MSO is composed of musicians from throughout the United States and around the world.</p><br>
<p>Through its annual eight-week season, the Hot Summer Nights Music Festival in June and July, and tours throughout the state and beyond, the Missouri Symphony Orchestra has been heralded by the Kansas City Star as an ensemble that performs with "energy and elan, as well as secure technique." Since 2001, the MSO has been directed by Maestro Kirk Trevor.</p><br>
<h2>Arts Education</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the Missouri Symphony Society&#39;s artistic programming, the Missouri Theatre hosts multiple arts education programs and organizations, including the:</p><br>
<p>MOSS Youth Orchestra</p><br>
<p>MOSS Junior Strings</p><br>
<p>MOSS Children&#39;s Choir</p><br>
<p>University Concert Series</p><br>
<p>University of Missouri School of Music</p><br>
<p>Plowman Chamber Music Competition</p><br>
<p>True/False Film Festival</p><br>
<p>Besna Kobila  is a mountain in southeastern Serbia and small ski center. Its eponymous highest peak has an elevation of 1,923 m. It lies 35 km to the east from the city of Vranje. There is a mountain chalet Besna Kobila from where it takes an hour to hour and a half to reach the summit on foot. It is known for its stormy weather, so the best months for climbing are during the warmer part of the year.</p><br>
<p>Besna Kobila has 9 months of snow a year, which makes it suitable for ski tourism. As of 2010, there is only the mountain chalet, which has been used for accommodation of students. The "skyway" (nebeski put) – road running over the vast pastures on the highland – lies at the altitude of 1800 m and is suitable for mountain biking, safari bus and off-roading. There are ambitious plans to build a bigger ski center on the mountain, and the municipality is searching for foreign investors.</p><br>
<p>Mount Bosavi is a mountain in the Southern Highlands province, Papua New Guinea. It is the collapsed cone of an extinct volcano on the Great Papuan Plateau, part of the Kikori River basin. The crater is approximately 4 km wide and 1 km deep; it is home to a number of endemic species.</p><br>
<p>Part of the mountain is included in the Sulamesi Wildlife Management Area, established in 2006. It forms part of the proposed UNESCO World Heritage Site Kikori River Basin/Great Papuan Plateau.</p><br>
<p>The people living just north of the mountain refer to themselves as Bosavi kalu (people of Bosavi) and divide into four culturally identical but linguistically marked groups, the Kaluli, Ologo, Walulu, and Wisesi. Collectively they are often referred to as Bosavi kalu ("men of Bosavi").</p><br>
<h2>Fauna and flora</h2><br>
<p>A 2009 expedition by an international team of scientists and a television crew from the BBC Natural History Unit filming Lost Land of the Volcano, a BBC wildlife documentary, discovered more than 40 previously undescribed species, including 16 frogs, at least 3 fish, several insects and spiders, a bat, and a giant rat, measuring 82 cm in length and weighing approximately 1.5 kg.</p><br>
<p>Mount Bosavi is also the type locality for Pseudohydromys pumehanae, a recently described species of moss-mouse.</p><br>
<p>Hollywood Reservoir, also known as Lake Hollywood, is a reservoir located in the Hollywood Hills, situated in the Santa Monica Mountains north of the Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. It is maintained by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. The reservoir and surrounding neighborhood are overlooked by the Hollywood Sign.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is created by the Mulholland Dam, built in 1924, designed by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, then named the Bureau of Water Works and Supply, as part of the city&#39;s water storage and supply system.</p><br>
<p>Hollywood Reservoir has appeared in films such as Chinatown (1974), where Hollis Mulwray is discovered dead along the shores, and Earthquake (1974).</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir has a capacity of 7,900 acre-feet, which is 2.5 e9USgal and a maximum water depth of 183 ft. During its first years in service the reservoir level varied, though for most of the time it was kept a high level and was filled on several occasions. Within days after the collapse of the St. Francis Dam in March 1928, William Mulholland ordered the Hollywood Reservoir lowered due, in part, to public fears of a repeat disaster. Shortly after the disaster and in the years following, several engineering panels met to discuss the safety of the dam. These panels of engineers, from both the state and the LADWP came to differing conclusions. In 1931, the LADWP made the decision to permanently keep the Hollywood Reservoir lowered, and keep it to no more than 4,000 acre-feet (4,900,000 m). The reservoir now is usually maintained at about 2,800 acre-feet (3,500,000 m).</p><br>
<p>The surrounding recreational area is known as Lake Hollywood Park, and is open for walking, hiking, and jogging. The reservoir is encircled by a flat, paved road that is suitable for walking and bicycling.</p><br>
<p>Williamstown Lake is a public 333 acre recreational lake and water reservoir in Grant County, Kentucky. It was created in 1955 by impounding the South Fork of Grassy Creek. The lake officially opened for boating, fishing and swimming in 1957. With more than 20 miles of shoreline, over 300 summer cottages and year-round homes line the lake. Residents and vacationers enjoy yearly events such as the Labor Day Boat Parade and Paddle Williamstown, among other summer festivities.</p><br>
<p>There are two main public boat ramps available- The Williamstown Marina and Ruby&#39;s Boat Dock. Both offer fuel and small convenience stores, and The Williamstown Marina also delivers pizza and subs to docks.</p><br>
<p>Major issues surrounding Williamstown Lake include the Williamstown Lake Expansion Project and the nearby development of the Ark Encounter attraction. The Expansion Project is expected to triple the size of the lake in order to increase the supply of safe water in the surrounding areas. The Ark Encounter is an attraction being developed by Answers in Genesis, the makers of the Creation Museum in Hebron, Kentucky. Some Williamstown Lake property owners worry how this major attraction will affect the lake&#39;s water levels.</p><br>
<p>St Pauls Church gives its name to the surrounding St Pauls area of Bristol. It was built in the 1790s but fell into disuse and disrepair by its closure in 1988. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>Major renovation work was undertaken to repair and convert the building for use as a performance space and circus skills school Circomedia.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>It is in the Georgian Portland Square. It was designed by Daniel Hague although the original St Pauls Church was to be designed by James Allen in a Greek style. Work was started on the church in 1789 and completed in 1794. St Pauls became known as the Wedding Cake Church from the unusual tiered tower. The tower was designed to hold a ring of ten bells, however only four bells were purchased, all cast by John Rudhall of Gloucester, two in 1792 and the 6th and tenor bells of the proposed ring in 1795.</p><br>
<p>The gates and railings are a grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>Closure and redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>The church closed in 1988 in state of disrepair and was boarded up for many years. A lot of damage was caused by swollen ironwork exploding the Bath Stone and water leaking in, causing erosion to the plaster ceilings.</p><br>
<p>About £2.3 million from the Heritage Lottery Fund funded the restoration and conversion work. The church is now a redundant church in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. It was declared redundant on 1 November 1988, and was vested in the Trust on 1 April 2000.</p><br>
<p>In 2005 the church was converted into its present form as the home of Circomedia, a circus school, but remains consecrated. It still boasts an ornate Georgian plaster ceiling, stone columns and a wealth of decorative stained glass, but has now been equipped with aerial and trapeze equipment and a pale Maple wood sprung dance floor.</p><br>
<p>On 19 October 2007, it won the international RICS Community Benefit Award 2007. St Paul&#39;s was chosen as the winner by judges because of the transformation it has undergone under the Churches Conservation Trust.</p><br>
<h2>Archives</h2><br>
<p>Parish records for St Paul&#39;s church, Portland Square, Bristol are held at Bristol Archives (Ref. P. St P) () including baptism, marriage and burial registers. The archive also includes records of the incumbent, churchwardens, parochial church council, charities, and vestry plus plans and deeds.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church, also known as Christ Church New Haven, is an Episcopal parish church at 70 Broadway in New Haven, Connecticut. Christ Church follows an Anglo-Catholic style of worship and has a strong focus on urban ministry. The parish began as an offshoot from New Havens Trinity Church, the central Episcopal church on New Havens town green.</p><br>
<p>The church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church building, completed in 1898, was designed by architect Henry Vaughan.</p><br>
<p>It is notable for its very fine Gothic architecture, and its central location near downtown New Haven makes it something of a landmark. Its stone tower is modeled on the tower of Magdalen College, Oxford. Vaughn personally chose the artists who created the beautiful interior. Bavarian-born Johannes Kirchmayer executed the intricate wood carving, notable in particular on the rood screen. The stained glass windows (including a large window at the back of the sanctuary above the baptismal font) were created by the noted firm of C.E. Kempe in London. The high altar also features monmunental stone figures and a carved Caen stone reredos inspired by examples in Winchester Cathedral and St. Alban&#39;s in England.</p><br>
<p>The church&#39;s Solemn High Mass (11:00am Sundays) is locally notable for its fine choral music and beautiful liturgy. Compline, sung at 9:00pm September–May, draws a large crowd of both young and old from the city of New Haven and surrounding communities as well as from nearby Yale University. Christ Church also houses the headquarters of the North American branch of the Society of Catholic Priests, a society of clergy in the mainstream of the Episcopal Church who practice the Anglo-Catholic tradition.</p><br>
<p>The Bloody Falls massacre was an incident that took place during Samuel Hearne&#39;s exploration of the Coppermine River on the 17 July 1771. Chipewyan and "Copper Indian" Dene men led by Hearne&#39;s guide and companion Matonabbee attacked a group of Copper Inuit camped by rapids approximately 15 km upstream from the mouth of the Coppermine River.</p><br>
<h2>Genesis</h2><br>
<p>Towards the end of May 1771, Samuel Hearne began to notice that the Chipewyan Indians accompanying him on his expedition had motives other than his planned survey of the Coppermine River.</p><br>
<p>On the party&#39;s arrival at Peshew Lake, Matonabbee and a number of the men accompanying Hearne began to make arrangements for their wives and children to be left behind. Later on, when the party arrived at Clowey, each of the Chipewyan men crafted shields from thin boards, 2 ft wide and 3 ft long.</p><br>
<p>Hearne noted that his party was joined by a number of Indians who were solely interested in propagating a war against the Inuit.</p><br>
<p>In the travel narrative describing his journey, he claimed that as the group advanced north into Inuit territories, it became evident that his companions were gradually plotting an act of "savage", "shocking", and "brutish" violence.</p><br>
<p>Hearne began to remonstrate with the Indians, but failed in his attempt. In his account of the events that transpired, he states that "I endeavored as much as possible to persuade them from putting their inhuman design into execution; but so far were my intreaties from having the wished-for effect, that it was concluded that I was actuated by cowardice."</p><br>
<p>On 1 June 1771, the few remaining women and children, as well as the dogs and the heavy luggage, were left behind by the party and a group of about 60 men advanced north, heading towards the Coppermine River.</p><br>
<p>Four weeks later, on 2 July 1771, the party came across a group of Copper Indians, who on learning the purpose of the exploration party&#39;s journey, supplied the party with canoes and other necessities. However, 17 men abandoned the exploration party in the coming days, claiming that the difficulty of the trek outweighed the pleasure that was to be derived from killing the Inuit.</p><br>
<p>The remaining members of the exploration party arrived at the Coppermine River on 14 July 1771. Immediately on arrival, as Hearne commenced his survey, three scouts were sent to locate any Inuit who may have been camping near the river. The scouts returned on 16 July 1771, and reported that five Inuit tents had been found on the west side of the river. This news brought the survey work to a complete halt, and the men began to prepare for war.</p><br>
<h2>Massacre</h2><br>
<p>Just after midnight on 17 July, the Dene set upon the Inuit camp and killed approximately 20 men, women and children. Hearne was traumatized by the massacre, saying "I am confident that my features must have feelingly expressed how sincerely I was affected at the barbarous scene I then witnessed; even at this hour I cannot reflect on the transactions of that horrid day without shedding tears." He named the waterfall Bloody Falls.</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>The site of the massacre, which was the traditional home of the Kogluktogmiut, is now located in Kugluk/Bloody Falls Territorial Park near Kugluktuk, Nunavut. It was designated a National Historic Site in 1978.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, Dene and Inuit representatives participated in a healing ceremony to reconcile the centuries-old grievance.</p><br>
<p>The incident is referred to in the John Newlove poem Samuel Hearne in Wintertime.</p><br>
<p>Bhilangna River is a Himalayan river in Uttarakhand, India, which is the major tributary of the Bhagirathi river, the source stream of the Ganges River of India.</p><br>
<p>The mainstem, Bhilangna, rises at the foot of the Khatling Glacier (elevation 3,717 m) approximately 50 km south of the ice cave at Gaumukh, traditionally considered the source of both the Bhagirathi and the Ganges and flows into the Bhagirathi at Old Tehri, the site of the Tehri dam. It meets its major tributary the Bal Ganga at Ghyansali (elevation 976 m).</p><br>
<p>The Bal Ganga, whose headwaters are formed at the foot of Mount Kukhli Dhar (elevation 4,600 m), itself has a minor tributary, the Dharam Ganga, which meets it at Thati Kathur (also Budha Kedar) at elevation 1,524 m</p><br>
<p>The Khatling trek route passes alongside the Bhilangna, starting from the last point accessible by road, Ghuttu, until the glacier, which stands at 3700 metres. If one were to go further on the trail past the glacier, one could reach Kedarnath.</p><br>
<p>The Cuyuna Iron Range Municipally-Owned Elevated Metal Water Tanks are a group of five water towers within the Cuyuna Range in Crow Wing County, Minnesota. The water tanks, built between 1912 and 1918, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places because they represent the historical period of community planning, public works, and engineering that supported the development of the Cuyuna Range. Their construction was made possible by a favorable property tax arrangement on the iron mines that brought significant revenues to the towns of Crosby, Cuyuna, Deerwood, Ironton, and Trommald. The communities began around 1910, when iron mining started on the Range. The peak of mining employment was around 1920, and it started to decline around 1930. By the 1950s, iron mining was well in decline on the Cuyuna Range.</p><br>
<p>State historian Theodore C. Blegen wrote,</p><br>
<p>A singular aspect of range-town life was the blossoming of schools, community buildings, parks, splendid streets, and other public improvements built generously, not to say lavishly. They set standards far beyond those of most Minnesota cities at the time. These reflected at once a public desire for the best, a concern on the part of citizens for the education of their children, and the availability of taxes to provide the funds without stint for public wants.</p><br>
<p>Even the smaller communities were able to install complete water systems. After the end of iron mining, as the communities lost population, many of the publicly funded improvements such as schools have disappeared, and many of the houses have either been torn down or were left abandoned and dilapidated. Within Trommald and Cuyuna, the water towers are the most visible remains of the mining boom years.</p><br>
<p>Agaya Gangai  waterfalls are located in Kolli Hills of the Eastern Ghats. Panchanathi, a jungle stream, cascades down as the Agaya Gangai , near the Arapaleeswarar temple atop the Kolli Hills in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu. It is a 300 ft waterfall of the river Aiyaru situated close to Arapaleeswarar temple. It is located in a valley that is surrounded by mountains on all sides.</p><br>
<p>We need to climb down 1050 steps to see the full view of Agaya Gangai. The water falls with the full force and we need to approach the bottom of the falls using a rope only. Take a relaxing but also risky bath in the falls.</p><br>
<p>The caves of Korakka Siddhar and Kalaanginatha Siddhar are situated near the Agaya Gangai waterfalls inside the forest area.</p><br>
<p>Priddy Circles are a linear arrangement of four circular earthwork enclosures near the village of Priddy on the Mendip Hills in Somerset, England. The circles have been listed as Scheduled Ancient Monuments, and described as probable Neolithic ritual or ceremonial monuments similar to a henge.</p><br>
<p>The southernmost Priddy Circle falls on adjoining land to a house and stables that are owned by retired businessman Roger Penny. In 2012 Penny was fined £10,000 after the earthwork was damaged by work he had permitted.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The enclosures range in diameter from 185 to 194 m. Three of the circles are closely spaced in a nearly straight line, while the fourth is 350 m to the north and somewhat out of line with the other three. The total arrangement is spread over roughly 1.2 km. There is no missing enclosure in the gap between the northernmost enclosure and the others. This gap is bisected by the B3135 road and the course of the Roman road which runs between Charterhouse and Old Sarum.</p><br>
<p>The four circles each consist of a flat circular area surrounded by a bank and external ditch enclosure with more than one entrance. Excavations carried out between 1956 and 1959 by members of the University of Bristol Spelæological Society showed that the banks had stone cores with post and stake holes on either side. Geophysical surveys in 1995 and a magnetometer survey in 2006 are exploring further the make up of the circles.</p><br>
<p>The circles are numbered in sequence 1 to 4, with number 1 being the most southerly of the group. Circle 4 has a diameter of up to 190 m but only two-thirds of the earthwork is present. Boreholes made in the 1950s suggested that the missing western section was never finished, possibly due to subsidence in the area. Associated with circle 4 is a group of mounds interpreted as barrows, one outside the circle to the west, and possibly four inside.</p><br>
<h2>2011 damage</h2><br>
<p>In June 2011, it was reported that English Heritage was investigating damage to the site, and during July 2011 photographs were published that appear to show significant damage to a section of the southernmost circle.</p><br>
<p>The owner of the southernmost ring, Roger Penny, was fined £10,000 and ordered to restore the earthwork at a cost of £38,000 following the damage caused by contractors he had hired.</p><br>
<p>Rubble had been used to fill important “swallet” holes in the ring, these have been described as natural cavities which may have been key to the monument’s creation. The workers also cleared gorse and bracken between April and October 2011, bringing rubble into the field to help rebuild a wall and moving a gate. In bringing in the rubble, ruts were made in the ground inside the circle by agricultural machinery. The damage included the destruction of a circular ditch said to be completely bulldozed. Penny was aware the ring was a scheduled monument and told the contractors not to touch it, but because part of the site is not visible to the naked eye "serious damage" was caused. English Heritage had not been consulted about the works. A spokeswoman for English Heritage described the damage as a "major incident", adding the structure was one of only about 80 henges in England. She said the loss of the fabric to the henge meant a "really, really rare piece of Neolithic engineering had been lost forever".</p><br>
<h2>Interpretation</h2><br>
<p>They are probably Neolithic ritual or ceremonial monuments similar to a henge but this interpretation is somewhat speculative due to the presence of external rather than internal ditches, a feature which makes them unique in Britain.</p><br>
<p>Although no dating evidence has been found, - 2180 BC. Two round barrow cemeteries, Ashen Hill and Priddy Nine-Barrows, located less than 1 km south of the Circles, would seem to imply that the area to the northeast of Priddy held ritual significance into the Bronze Age.</p><br>
<p>Lake Pohjalampi is a lake in eastern Finland. The lake has a surface area of 61 hectares, and the mean and maximum depth are 3.2 meters and 5.3 meters, respectively.</p><br>
<p>The lake was used to study the effects of biomanipulation on a small, mesotrophic lake. From 1993 to 1997, over 200 kilograms per hectare of fish, mainly roach (Rutilus rutilus) and bream (Abramis brama) were caught and removed. This resulted in a reduction of nearly 80% of fish biomass. The effects on the benthic invertebrates were investigated using biomass and density, during the years of fish removal and for the following three years. The decrease in benthivorous fish stock led to higher biomass and density in all the major benthic invertebrate groups.</p><br>
<p>Three years after fish removal had been discontinued, the fish biomass had recovered to almost its initial value; the community structure, however, was different because of much greater abundance of perch. The biomasses of the benthic invertebrates in many groups was seen to drop in the years 1999-2000, apparently due to the increased predation. The relationship between the two trophic levels is thought to be as a consequence of the open and sparsely vegetated bottom, which offers minimal shelter to invertebrate prey.</p><br>
<p>An additional factor in the reduced invertebrate biomasses was a fall in both phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations, which led to a drop in primary production. The phosphorus and chlorophyll a decreases occurred after the three years of fishing and have remained low since. This could be related to the loss of waste products and detritus the fish would have produced over the years.</p><br>
<p>Aspetuck is a village, which in Connecticut is an unincorporated community on the Aspetuck River, in Fairfield County, Connecticut, mostly in the town of Easton but extending also into Weston.</p><br>
<p>It is significant for being the location of the Aspectuck Historic District, a well-preserved collection of houses from the 18th and 19th centuries. The area was settled in the 17th century. It was a long-time home of Helen Keller. According to a New York Times real estate section article, "The district gets its name from the Aspetuck Indians, who lived along the river. In 1670, they sold the land to English settlers for cloth, winter wheat and maize valued at $.36." Weston was incorporated in 1787, and Easton was split out and incorporated in 1845.</p><br>
<h2>Aspetuck Historic District</h2><br>
<p>The Aspetuck Historic District is a historic district that preserves part of the historic village. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. Helen Keller, who was blind and deaf, often walked through the neighborhood by herself, using as her guide a fence that extended down to the Aspetuck River.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is defined to "exclude excessive back acreage" and also "the district stops short of the historical extent of the community in order to exclude an area where the majority of buildings would be noncontributing due to alterations or recent origin."</p><br>
<p>The district "is significant because it embodies the distinctive architectural and cultural-landscape characteristics of a farming community from the late colonial and early national periods.... The widely spaced distribution of houses, most accompanied by a barn and all with ample yards that once served as pasture, field or garden recalls the appearance of an inland Connecticut farming community when agriculture was the basis of the local economy. The predominant type of building in the district—the traditional center-chimney, gable-roofed dwelling—is also characteristic of Connecticut farming communities of the late 18th and early 19th centuries...."</p><br>
<p>The district is significant because a house on Redding "was the long-time home of Helen Keller, who lost her hearing and sight at an early age, and whose long struggle to overcome these handicaps has provided inspiration to millions...."</p><br>
<p>Significant structures in the district include:</p><br>
<p>Orando Perry House, 1840, which "displays the impact of Greek Revival architecture house with in its small porch with Doric columns and flush-boarded pediment"</p><br>
<p>Bradley House, 7 Old Redding Road</p><br>
<p>Helen Keller House, 1946, 163 Redding Road, "a true Colonial Revival dwelling, built in the 20th century after late 18th-century precedents, rather than the 20th-century modification of an earlier house" It has a denticular cornice and a "pedimented entry shelter on Tuscan columns", among other details.</p><br>
<p>Peter Williams House, 1810, 65 Redding Road</p><br>
<p>David Bradley House, 1790, 135 Redding Road</p><br>
<p>a bridge (Connecticut Dept. of Transportation Bridge #4933), a reinforced concrete arch bridge with cobblestone-faced spandrels and parapets, from 1941</p><br>
<p>a dam, a rubble-stone dam from mid-19th century at the site of the Orando Perry grist mill</p><br>
<p>Lake Tegel , is the second largest lake in Berlin, Germany. It is situated in the northwest of the city in the Reinickendorf borough, in the Ortsteil of Tegel.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The historic name Tegel (first recorded in 1322 as Tygel) is common for a larger territory and also used for the settlements of the Tegel locality, the Tegelort ("Tegel Village") neighbourhood within the Konradshöhe locality and the Berlin-Tegel International Airport.</p><br>
<p>The lake is connected to the navigable River Havel, which flows in and out of the lake at its western end. The lake is navigable to its eastern end, and navigation is administered as part of the Havel–Oder–Wasserstraße.</p><br>
<p>Most of the waterfront of the lake is privately held. Within the lake are the islands of Hasselwerder, Lindwerder, Scharfenberg, Reiswerder, Baumwerder, Valentinswerder and Maienwerder. Scharfenberg, Valentinswerder and Maienwerder are accessible by some of Berlin&#39;s ferry services.</p><br>
<p>The Tauweru River, sometimes called the Taueru River, is a river in the Wairarapa region of New Zealand&#39;s North Island. It drains from the pastoral eastern highlands of the Wairarapa and joins the Ruamahanga River just north of the Gladstone Road bridge into Gladstone, southeast of Carterton. The river&#39;s name is Māori for "hanging in clusters" and named after it is the town of Tauweru, located along the middle reaches of the river east of Masterton.</p><br>
<p>The river itself is slow and sluggish, flowing in a willow-lined, restricted and gravel-less channel. A group of local farmers, the Mid-Tauweru Landcare Group, was established in 2000 to facilitate sound management of the river&#39;s riparian zone by replacing willows with native plants to enhance the river&#39;s flow and biodiversity. Its catchment east of Masterton is extensive and fishing conditions in the lower three kilometres of the river are considered to be excellent, especially in summer.</p><br>
<p>Harbor Hill is the highest point in Nassau County, New York, at 348 ft. It was the site of Harbor Hill, a large Long Island mansion built from 1899-1902 in Roslyn, New York, commissioned by Clarence Hungerford Mackay. It was designed by McKim, Mead, and White, with Stanford White supervising the project. It was the largest home he ever designed.</p><br>
<p>Clarence Mackay (1874–1938) was the son of Comstock Lode magnate John William Mackay, and inherited much of an estimated $500 million fortune upon his fathers death in 1902 (approximately $13 billion in 2012 dollars). White collaborated closely with Clarence Mackays wife, Katharine Duer Mackay (1880–1930), and with her approval, based the main façade of Harbor Hill upon that of François Mansart&#39;s Château de Maisons of 1642, using a mix of other influences to finish the overall design.</p><br>
<p>Built at great expense and furnished lavishly (at least three different decorating firms were employed), the home originally sat on 688 acre and enjoyed views across Roslyn Harbor to Long Island Sound. Formal terraces and gardens were finished by Guy Lowell.</p><br>
<p>Social events held at the house included a grand party for the Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII and the Duke of Windsor) in 1924.</p><br>
<p>On June 13, 1927, Charles Lindbergh, accompanied by his mother and the Mayor of New York, was Clarence MacKays guest of honor at a banquet and dance the night of Lindberghs ticker-tape parade on 5th Avenue.</p><br>
<p>After Harbor Hill was dynamited in 1947, a fountain with four equestrian statues, designed by Henri-Léon Gréber, was moved to Kansas City, Missouri where it has since been on public display adjacent to the Country Club Plaza.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>Harbor Hill, the site of the former mansion, is the highest point in Nassau County, New York, at 348 feet. Whether Harbor Hill or 401-foot Jayne&#39;s Hill to the east was the highest point on Long Island was a point of some debate in the 19th century, with Harbor Hill often thought to be the highest summit.</p><br>
<h2>Remaining buildings</h2><br>
<p>Much of the estate, including the site of the main building, has been covered with a modern housing development. However, three remaining buildings from the Harbor Hill estate were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991: Mackay Estate Dairyman&#39;s Cottage, Mackay Estate Gate Lodge, and Mackay Estate Water Tower.</p><br>
<p>The Oliver H. Kelley Farm is a historic farmstead in Elk River, Minnesota. It was once owned by Oliver Hudson Kelley, one of the founders of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry. The farmstead is a USA National Historic Landmark, which also places it on the National Register of Historic Places. The farm is currently operated as a living history museum by the Minnesota Historical Society. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Oliver Kelley moved to Minnesota in 1849, the year that Minnesota Territory was formed. Although he knew little about farming, he taught himself using agricultural journals and correspondence with other "scientific-oriented" farmers. He became an expert on farming in Minnesota, and he learned how adverse events such as bad weather, debt, insect pests, and crop failures could devastate a farmers fortunes. In 1864, he became a clerk in the United States Department of Agriculture. After the end of the American Civil War, he toured the agricultural resources of the Southern states. When he returned to Washington, he was convinced that farmers fortunes could be improved through cooperative associations with other farmers. Along with several other associates, he founded the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry in 1867. He later returned to Minnesota with the hope of organizing local Granges.</p><br>
<p>The farm remained in the ownership of the Kelley family until 1901. The National Grange bought the farm in 1935 and donated it to the Minnesota Historical Society in 1961. Today, the farm offers tours by guides in period costume, who invite visitors to help out with farm chores such as picking vegetables, churning butter, and making soap. In 2003, state budget shortfalls threatened closure for the historical site. In response, the group Friends of the Kelley Farm was organized to help raise money to close the funding gap. The Friends group also supports the educational goals of the site and works for the site&#39;s preservation.</p><br>
<p>Lake Bryde-East Lake Bryde is a DIWA-listed freshwater wetland system located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. The system consists of two lakes: Lake Bryde, with an area of 50 hectare; and East Lake Bryde, with an area of about 1.4 km&sup2;. They are located at the head of a chain of lakes that extend to Lake Magenta, and ultimately form part of the Swan-Avon drainage system.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The system is situated in the Shire of Kent, 34 km south-west of Newdegate. It in part of the Western Mallee biogeographic subregion of the Mallee region of the South West Botanic Province.</p><br>
<p>The Lake Bryde-East Lake Bryde system contains the only shrub-dominated lake bed vegetation community in the province. This community, which consists mainly of the critically endangered Muehlenbeckia horrida subsp. abdita (Remote Thorny Lignum) and Tecticornia verrucosa, has been declared a critically endangered threatened ecological community under the name "Bryde".</p><br>
<p>The lakes experience a regular cycle of freshwater flooding followed by gradual drying, and their vegetation depends upon that cycle for its survival. Since the 1980s, rises in the water table caused by extensive land clearing for agriculture has resulted in greatly increased salinity of the area, increasing the lakes salt load from 160 tons to around 1200 tons. Furthermore, changes to the areas hydrology have greatly increased the frequency of flooding. These factors have caused a severe decline in the extent and condition of the shrub beds. Because of the threat to M. h. subsp. abdita and the ecological community as a whole, the lakes are protected by the Lake Bryde Nature Reserve.</p><br>
<p>The lake system has been identified as important to bird life, with sixteen bird species recorded there. It has also been found to support a substantially greater diversity of aquatic invertebrates than surrounding lake systems.</p><br>
<p>Ten Mile Lake is a lake located in north central Minnesota, United States. It is directly south of Walker and northwest of Hackensack. It is spring fed and is the deepest natural lake enclosed in Minnesota&#39;s borders. Ten Mile Lake covers over 5,046 acre with a maximum depth of 208 ft. It is known for its especially clear and clean water, due to the fresh spring sources.</p><br>
<p>Ten Mile Lake was named for its distance, 10 mi from the Indian agency on the Leech Lake Indian Reservation.</p><br>
<p>Neighboring lakes include Portage Lake to the north, and Birch Lake to the south. Ten Mile Lake is also the headwaters of the Boy River, which flows downstream through Boy Lake, Woman Lake, and eventually into the Leech Lake River and finally the Mississippi River. This is a popular canoe and kayak route, since there are not many portages, and it can be done in just a few days.</p><br>
<p>Most of the property around Ten Mile Lake is owned privately, but several resorts offer visitors a place to stay for short vacations.</p><br>
<p>The Louisiana&#39;s Old State Capitol is a historic government building, and now a museum, at 100 North Boulevard in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. Built in which housed the Louisiana State Legislature from the mid-19th century until the current capitol tower building was constructed in 1929-32.</p><br>
<p>It was built to both look like and function like a castle and has led some locals to call it the Louisiana Castle, the Castle of Baton Rouge, the Castle on the River, or the Museum of Political History; although most people just call it the old capitol building. The term "Old State Capitol" in Louisiana is used to refer to the building and not to the two towns that were formerly the capital city: New Orleans and Donaldsonville. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974 for its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1846, the state legislature in New Orleans decided to move the seat of government to Baton Rouge. As in many states, representatives from other parts of Louisiana feared a concentration of power in the states largest city. In 1840, New Orleans population was about 102,000, fourth-largest city in the USA The 1840 population of Baton Rouge, on the other hand, was only 2,269.</p><br>
<p>On September 21, 1847, the city of Baton Rouge donated to the state of Louisiana a $20,000 parcel of land for a state capitol building. The land donated by the city for the capitol stands high atop a bluff facing the Mississippi River, a site that some believe was once marked by the red pole, or le baton rouge, which French explorers claimed designated a Native American council meeting site.</p><br>
<p>New York architect James H. Dakin was hired to design the Baton Rouge capitol building, and rather than mimic the national Capitol Building in Washington, as so many other states had done, he conceived a Neo-Gothic medieval-style castle overlooking the Mississippi. Dakin referred to his turreted design, built 1847-52, as "Castellated Gothic" due to its decoration with cast iron, which was both cheaper and more durable than other building materials used at the time.</p><br>
<p>In 1859, the statehouse was featured and favorably described in De Bow&#39;s Review, the most prestigious periodical in the antebellum South. Mark Twain, however, as a steamboat pilot in the 1850s, loathed the sight of it, "It is pathetic... that a whitewashed castle, with turrets and things... should ever have been built in this otherwise honorable place."</p><br>
<p>In 1862, during the Civil War, Union Admiral David Farragut captured New Orleans, and the seat of government retreated from Baton Rouge. The Unions occupying troops first used the capitol building &mdash; or "old gray castle," as it was once described &mdash; as a prison, and then to garrison African-American troops under General Culver Grover. While used as a garrison the building caught fire twice. This sequence of events transformed Louisianas capitol into an empty, gutted shell abandoned by the Union Army.</p><br>
<p>By 1882 the statehouse was totally rebuilt by architect and engineer William A. Freret, who is credited with the installation of the spiral staircase and the stained glass dome, which are the interior focal points. The refurbished statehouse remained in use until 1932, when it was abandoned for the new Louisiana State Capitol building. The Old State Capitol has since been used to house Federally-chartered veterans organizations, and as an office of the Works Progress Administration, among other things.</p><br>
<h2>Museum of Political History</h2><br>
<p>Restored in the 1990s, the Old State Capitol is now the Museum of Political History. Most recently, the exterior façade has been refurbished with shades of tan stucco, in noticeable contrast to its former gray stone coloring. Numerous events are held there including an annual ball wherein the participants re-enact dances and traditions of French culture while wearing 18th- and 19th-century dress.</p><br>
<p>The museums location downtown in Baton Rouge is within walking distance of the current capitol tower and of many culturally significant buildings. These include the Old Louisiana Governors Mansion, the Louisiana Arts and Science Museum, St. Joseph Cathedral, and the widely-acclaimed Shaw Center.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, the Museum of Political History&#39;s visitor experience opened, designed by award-winning Bob Rogers and the design firm BRC Imagination Arts, with attractions and exhibits showcasing the building as an architectural treasure and highlighting historic artifacts. Included is an interactive gallery featuring past state governors including infamous Huey P. Long.</p><br>
<p>A key attraction, The Ghost of the Castle, is a one-of-a-kind multi-dimensional theatrical production, during which visitors come face to face with the ghost of Sarah Morgan Dawson (1842&ndash;1909), a young Baton Rouge resident who loved the castle and wrote about it in her book, Sarah Morgan: The Civil War Diary of a Southern Woman (originally published in 1913 under a different title). In the roughly 12-minute experience, Sarah’s ghost "conjures the building’s remarkable trials and tribulations through history," showing "the determination of everyday Louisianans who have saved the castle time and time again."</p><br>
<p>Admission to the museum is free, and the building is wheelchair-accessible.</p><br>
<p>Mount Vaca is a mountain in Napa and Solano counties of Northern California. It is both the highest point in the Vaca Mountains and in Solano County. It is also one of several peaks in the San Francisco Bay Area that receive winter snow.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of name</h2><br>
<p>Vaca is the Spanish word for cow. Although cattle ranching historically played an important role in the area, Mount Vaca and the nearby city of Vacaville are actually named for Juan Manuel Cabeza Vaca (1782-1856), who with Juan Felipe Pena received in 1843 the Rancho Los Putos Mexican land grant, which included the peak that now bears Vaca&#39;s name.</p><br>
<h2>Public access</h2><br>
<p>The summit of Mount Vaca is reached via either Mix Canyon Road or Gates Canyon Road, both of which originate in Vacaville California. These roads intersect Blue Ridge Road, which follows the ridge top to the summit high point.</p><br>
<h2>High-definition Doppler weather radar</h2><br>
<p>The San Francisco Bay Area is surrounded by mountain ranges that obstruct weather radar, even government broadcasts, thereby leaving blind spots in the weather prediction system. As a consequence, television station KPIX-TV, a San Francisco CBS affiliate, partnered with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to build a Doppler weather radar on top of Mt. Vaca. Before this, the mountain blocked radar information about storms coming in from the Northwest, which compromised weather prediction and allowed for flooding, heavy rains, and high winds without prior warnings. This new radar system gives meteorologists a more complete view of precipitation and temperature patterns in the Bay Area, and allows for more accurate weather predictions.</p><br>
<p>The Capannelle Pass is a mountain pass in Italy. It sits at an altitude of 1300 meters above sea level in the Province of LAquila in Italys Abruzzo Region. It is located on the Italian State Highway 80 which passes near the Gran Sasso in the Apennines.</p><br>
<p>This famous pass probably takes its name from the small pastoral huts ("capannelle") which dot the landscape. They were used in times past by the local shepherds during the transumanza for protection from the elements, especially the rain and snow showers which can unexpectedly arise in the area.</p><br>
<p>The Capannelle Pass is an important transportation point linking the Province of Teramo with the Province of L&#39;Aquila. The area is well known for hosting the Grand Highway of the Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park, a touristic biway running through the heart of the national park between Montorio al Vomano ad Amiternum.</p><br>
<h2>Brigands</h2><br>
<p>Although covered with snow in the winter and barely accessible at other times of the year, the Capanelle Pass in days past served as the only practical way to travel from one side of the Gran Sasso to the other. The pass became a favorite place for local brigands to attack hapless groups of travelers. Notorious for his bloody deeds was the infamous Giuseppe Palombieri. Palombieri was finally captured by Chiaffredo Bergia, a carabiniere (member of the Italian national police force) who had gained bragging rights for having put another brigand, Andrea Andreani, behind bars.</p><br>
<p>During the struggle to subdue Palombieri which took place near the Italian village of Campotosto shots were fired and Bergia was wounded. Bergia&#39;s persistence was rewarded, however, and he was eventually able to prevail over his erstwhile rival. Palombieri was found to be carrying a document which he had written imploring his co-conspirators to carry out a vendetta aimed at the residents and mayor of nearby Fano Adriano. In recognition of his bravery, Bergia was awarded a silver medal and promoted to the rank of brigadier.</p><br>
<h2>Visit by bicycle</h2><br>
<p>The Capannelle Pass features gentle slopes in the direction of Teramo to the west and more difficult climbs in the direction of LAquila to the west. The Giro dItalia has been staged in this area on several occasions. Nearby destinations include Lake Campotosto and Campo Imperatore.</p><br>
<p>Lac d&#39;Émosson is a reservoir in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It is located in the municipalities of Salvan and Finhaut. The closest small city in Switzerland is Martigny. The lake has a surface area of 3.27 km² and an elevation of 1,930 m. The maximum depth is 161 m. The purpose of the Émosson Dam is hydroelectric power generation. Water from the reservoir first powers the 189 MW Vallorcine Power Station downstream and just over the border in Vallorcine, France. Water is then sent through a headrace tunnel to the 162 MW La Bâtiaz Power Station, 12 km to the east in Martigny, Switzerland. The drop between the dam and La Bâtiaz Power Station is 1,400 m.</p><br>
<p>The first dam of Émosson (also known as Barberine Dam) was built in 1925. The current dam with a height of 180 m was constructed between 1969 and August 1973 and floods the old dam. The reservoir was fully impounded on 10 September 1975, it increased the reservoirs volume from 40 million m³ to 227 million m³. The old dam can still be seen when the water level in the Lac dÉmosson is very low.</p><br>
<p>The lake will serve as the lower reservoir for the 900 MW Nant de Drance Hydropower Plant which is expected to be operational beginning in 2018.</p><br>
<p>In 1955, another dam was built 300m higher above the now existing lake. This lake is now known as the Lac du Vieux Emosson.</p><br>
<p>The dam can be reached by road or by a funicular-train-funicular trip. The Chatelard funicular railway is the first used from the valley bottom, it is the steepest 2-cabin funicular railway in the world with a gradient of 87 percent.</p><br>
<p>Emosson Construction.jpgConstruction of the new Émosson dam, 1971</p><br>
<p>Staumauer Lac d&#39;Emosson.jpgDetail of the arch dam</p><br>
<p>Émosson1.jpgLac d’Émosson, viewed from Col du Passet</p><br>
<p>Minifunic d&#39;Emosson.jpgMinifunic du Châtelard VS</p><br>
<p>Emosson Alte Gewichtsmauer.jpgThe old gravity dam is visible when the water level is low</p><br>
<p>Old Economy Village is a historic settlement in Ambridge, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, it lies on the banks of the Ohio River and is surrounded by downtown Ambridge. The Village is the last of three settlements established by the Harmony Society in the United States . Established in 1824, it was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1966 under the name of "Old Economy."</p><br>
<h2>Harmony Society</h2><br>
<p>The Harmony Society was a Christian theosophy and pietist society founded in Iptingen, Germany, in 1785. Due to religious persecution by the Lutheran Church and the government in Württemberg, the Harmony Society moved to the United States in 1803–1804, initially purchasing 3,000 acres (12 km²) of land in Butler County, Pennsylvania. On February 15, 1805, they, together with about 400 followers, formally organized the Harmony Society, placing all their goods in common.</p><br>
<p>The Society was founded and led by Johann Georg Rapp (1757–1847) and his adopted son, Frederick (Reichert) Rapp (1775–1834), and lasted for 100 years – roughly from 1805 until 1905. Members of the society were sometimes called Harmonists, Harmonites, or Rappites. The Harmony Society is best known for its worldly successes, eventually building three successive communities, first at Harmony, Pennsylvania (1804–1814), then New Harmony, Indiana (1814–1824), finally settling in Economy (now Ambridge, Pennsylvania).</p><br>
<h2>Old Economy Village, Pennsylvania</h2><br>
<p>The Harmonites named their last town Economy, after the spiritual notion of the Divine Economy. Here under the business acumen and efficient management of Frederick Rapp, they enjoyed such prosperity that by 1829 they dominated the trade and the markets of Pittsburgh and down the Ohio River. They were accused of being a monopoly, New International Encyclopedia and it was advocated that the society be dissolved by the State. At this time the community was not neglectful of matters pertaining to art and culture. Frederick Rapp purchased and installed a museum, containing fine paintings and many curios and antiquities; they had a deer park, a floral park, and a maze, or labyrinth; they also had a good orchestra, were fond of music, and gave much attention to its cultivation.</p><br>
<p>In 1832, the society suffered a serious division. Of 750 members, 250 became alienated through the influence of Bernhard Müller (self-styled Count de Leon), who, with 40 followers (also at variance with the authorities in the old country), had come to Economy to affiliate with the society. Rapp and Leon could not agree; a separation and apportionment of the property were therefore agreed upon. This secession of one-third of the society, consisting mostly of the flower of young manhood and young womanhood who did not want to maintain the custom of celibacy, broke Fredericks heart. He died within two years. It resulted in a considerable fracturing of the community. Nevertheless, the society remained prosperous in business investments for many more years to come. After Frederick Rapps death, in 1834, the business management passed successively into the hands of George Rapp, who died in 1847; R. L, Baker and Jacob Henrici, 1847–69; J. Henrici and Jonathan Lenz, 1869–92; J. S. Duss, 1892–1903; Susie C. Duss, 1903-06.</p><br>
<p>The settlements were economically successful, producing many goods in a clothing factory, a sawmill, a tannery, and from their vineyards and distillery. They also produced high quality silk for garments. The Harmonites were industrious and utilized the latest technologies of the day in their factories. In Economy, the group aided the construction of the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad, established the Economy Savings Institution and the Economy Brick Works, and operated the Economy Oil Company, Economy Planing Mill, Economy Lumber Company, and eventually donated some land in Beaver Falls for the construction of Geneva College. The society exerted a major influence on the economic development of Western Pennsylvania. But since the group chose to adopt celibacy and the people in the group kept getting older, more work gradually had to be hired out.</p><br>
<p>The high-water mark of the societys prosperity was at the close of the administration of R. L. Baker in 1868; its wealth at that time being probably $2,000,000. By 1890, however, it was hopelessly in debt, on the verge of bankruptcy, with a depleted membership of aged people. The society was overwhelmed with litigation on the part of would-be heirs. J. S. Duss won the lawsuits and paid the societys indebtedness. The great strain which he had undergone undermining his health, he was forced to resign his trusteeship in 1903. There being but few members left, the remaining land and assets were sold under the leadership of Duss&#39;s wife, and the society was formally dissolved in 1906.</p><br>
<p>In 1916, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania acquired 6 acres (0.024 km²) and 17 buildings of Old Economy, which became the present-day historic site. Other parts of the society&#39;s land were acquired by the American Bridge Company to expand the borough of Ambridge. Today, much of Ambridge outside of Old Economy Village is a historic district (the Economy Historic District) listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>George Rapp</h2><br>
<p>Johann Georg Rapp (November 1, 1757 – August 7, 1847) was the founder of the religious sect called Harmonists, Harmonites, Rappites, or the Harmony Society.</p><br>
<p>Born in Iptingen, Duchy of Württemberg, Germany, Rapp became inspired by the philosophies of Jakob Böhme, Philipp Jakob Spener, and Emanuel Swedenborg, among others. In the 1780s, George Rapp began preaching and soon started to gather a group of his own followers. His group officially split with the Lutheran Church in 1785 and was promptly banned from meeting. The persecution that Rapp and his followers experienced caused them to leave Germany and come to the United States in 1803. Rapp was a Pietist, and a number of his beliefs were shared by the Anabaptists, as well as groups such as the Shakers. Rapps religious beliefs and philosophy were the cement that held his community together both in Germany and in America – a Christian community and commune, which in America organized as the Harmony Society. The Harmony Society built three American towns, became rich, famous, and survived for 100 years – roughly from 1805 until 1905. By 1798, Rapp and his group of followers had already begun to distance themselves from mainstream society. In the Lomersheimer Declaration, written in 1798, Rapps followers refused to serve in the military or attend Lutheran schools. In 1803, when the government began to persecute Rapps followers, he decided to move the entire group to the United States. The initial move scattered the followers and reduced Rapps original group of 12,000 to many fewer persons. In 1804, Rapp was able to secure a large tract of land in Pennsylvania and started his first commune. This first commune, Harmonie, (Harmony), Butler County, Pennsylvania, soon grew to a population of about 800, and was highly profitable. At Harmony, the Harmony Society was created and its members contracted to hold all property in common, to submit to spiritual and material leadership by Rapp and associates, and adopted the celibate lifestyle. In 1814, the first town was sold to Mennonites for 10 times the amount originally paid for the land, and the entire commune moved out west to Indiana where their new town was also known as Harmony. Ten years after the move to Indiana the commune moved again, this time it returned to Pennsylvania and named their town Ökonomie, Economy. The Indiana settlement was sold to Robert Owen, at which point it was renamed New Harmony, Indiana. George Rapp lived out his remaining days in the town of Economy, Pennsylvania, until August 7, 1847, when he died at the age of 89. The commune ultimately failed because the policy of celibacy prevented new members from within, and the majority of the outside world had no desire to give up so much to live in a commune. The society was formally dissolved in 1906. Today, many of their remaining buildings are preserved and open to visitors. The entire village was designated as a National Historic Landmark District in 1965.</p><br>
<p>Mount Cammerer is a mountain on the northeastern fringe of the Great Smoky Mountains, in the Southeastern United States. The mountain is situated on the state line between Cocke County, Tennessee and Haywood County, North Carolina. The Appalachian Trail traverses Cammerer&#39;s south slope and a restored fire lookout at the summit offers panoramic views of the eastern Smokies, Cocke County, and the Blue Ridge Mountains.</p><br>
<p>Although a narrow ridge connects Mt. Cammerer to a nearby higher knob, leaving Cammerer with a very low topographic prominence, the mountain is clearly visible not only from the surrounding mountains, but from various points in the town of Cosby and along I-40 as it crosses Cocke County. Mt. Cammerer is a popular hiking destination, especially in Autumn, when the leaves of the trees in the forest around the mountain blaze red, orange and yellow for as far as the eye can</p><br>
<p>see.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Mt. Cammerer is composed of Thunderhead sandstone, a type of rock common throughout the Great Smokies. Thunderhead sandstone, part of the Ocoee Supergroup, was formed from precambrian ocean sediments approximately one billion years ago. The Greenbrier Fault, which crosses the mountain&#39;s northern and eastern slopes, thrust the Thunderhead sandstone over the Rich Butt sandstone during the Paleozoic era. Approximately 200 million years, the North American and African plates collided in the Appalachian orogeny, thrusting the rock upward.</p><br>
<p>One of Cammerer&#39;s key characteristics is the outcropping of contorted quartzite rock at the summit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mount Cammerer was named for Arno B. Cammerer, Director of the National Park Service (1933–1940) and an instrumental figure in establishing a national park in the Great Smoky Mountains. Before its renaming, Mt. Cammerer was known as "White Rock," referring to the bright white rocks that burst through the treeline at the summit. On some North Carolina maps, Mt. Cammerer is called "Sharptop". At least one story tells of a lightning blast that cut a hole in the summit, leaving a pool of water that attracted ravens.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the late-19th century and early 20th-century, moonshining was rampant in the area around Mt. Cammerer, as what was then a virgin wilderness provided the perfect cover for the illegal stills. Most residents in the area, however, were law-abiding mountain farmers, as described in local resident Mary Bell Smith&#39;s In the Shadow of the White Rock. Ella Costner, designated by the state of Tennessee as the "poet laureate of the Smokies," was born in the area of what is today the Cosby Campground, at the base of Mt. Cammerer. In 1934, the Civilian Conservation Corps built a camp at the base of the mountain, and constructed most of the trails and overlooks in the area.</p><br>
<p>The lookout at the summit of Mt. Cammerer was built by the CCC in 1937, using nearby rock and timber (other materials had to be hauled up the mountain). The tower was manned by a fire ranger until the 1960s, after which it fell into disrepair before being restored in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The Lower Mount Cammerer Trail follows the mountain&#39;s northern base over a seven-mile (11 km) up-and-down trail before intersecting the Appalachian Trail near Davenport Gap. Most hikers who use this route make the following loop: Cosby Campground + Lower Mount Cammerer Trail + Appalachian Trail + Low Gap Trail + Cosby Campground. The Appalachian Trail intersects the Mount Cammerer tower trail along this route. The total distance, including the tower trail, is appx. 15 mi.</p><br>
<p>Multiple hiking trails, horse trails, and walkways intersect at the Cosby Campground, which can lead to confusion. From the parking lot (near the campground), one path leads east to the Lower Mount Cammerer Trail. To reach the Low Gap Trail, simply follow the path parallel to Cosby Creek. Both trails are marked.</p><br>
<p>A less-common loop follows the mountain&#39;s south slope from the Big Creek Campground (Exit 451 on I-40): Big Creek Trail + Low Gap Trail + Appalachian Trail + Chestnut Branch Trail. This loop is also approximately 15 mi.</p><br>
<p>Hiking in the Great Smoky Mountains, more specifically Mount Cammerer, can be hazardous. Early season snowfalls are not uncommon. Always check the weather before making any hiking plans.</p><br>
<p>Naaran   is an ancient Jewish village dating to the 5th and 6th century CE, located in the West Bank. Remains of the village have been excavated north of Jericho, in Ephraim, between Bethel and Jericho. The mosaic floor of a synagogue was discovered at the site featuring a large zodiac design. Naaran is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 7:28 as a town in the eastern part of Ephraim. Aramaic inscriptions and mosaics from the synagogue are displayed at an archaeology museum established by the Israeli archaeologist Yitzhak Magen at the Good Samaritan Inn. In May 2012, the ancient synagogue was vandalized with graffiti that included swastikas and Palestinian flags. Israels Public Diplomacy Minister Yuli-Yoel Edelstein condemned the act and noted that, "The incident reaffirms the belief that Jewish holy sites must be under Israel&#39;s sovereignty."</p><br>
<p>An Israeli settlement, kibbutz Niran, located several kilometers to the north, takes its name from Naaran.</p><br>
<p>High Shoals Falls is a waterfall in Burke County, North Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The waterfall is on the Jacob&#39;s Fork River, flowing over a large rock outcropping in the South Mountains of North Carolina. The river continues over a series of cascades for approximately 1/4 mile past the falls, where the stream loses approximately 300 ft (100 m) in elevation.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>The falls are in South Mountains State Park, which is owned and operated by the State of North Carolina. The South Mountains, carved out of the Blue Ridge by erosion, are a broad belt of peaks and knobs rising abruptly from a deep valley. These steep, rugged mountains encompass 100,000 acres (400 km²) in Burke, Cleveland and Rutherford counties. Water winding through the park to the Catawba River cuts deep into the terrain, forming rugged and steep slopes. Funds to purchase the falls and park were appropriated in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting the falls</h2><br>
<p>The falls is located at South Mountains State Park in North Carolina. There are many trails through the state park, and the most popular is the High Shoals Falls Loop Trail. Visitors are encouraged to stay on the trail. Absolutely no swimming is permitted near the falls, as deaths and injuries have occurred through the years, primarily to people who swim at the top of the falls.</p><br>
<p>Four people have died at High Shoals Falls since 1993, including a 17-year-old who fell to his death on June 14, 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Nearby falls</h2><br>
<p>Jacob&#39;s Fork River has several small cascades both upstream and downstream from High Shoals Falls. Some of these are on State property. Others are on private property.</p><br>
<p>McGalliard Falls</p><br>
<p>Catawba Falls</p><br>
<p>Upper Catawba Falls</p><br>
<p>Wahclella Falls is a waterfall along Tanner Creek, a tributary of the Columbia River, in the USA state of Oregon. It enters the river within the Columbia River Gorge.</p><br>
<p>The Columbia River Highway splits around exit # 40 that leads to the Bonneville Dam. The parking and access area for Wahclella Falls is slightly down the hill and to the right (for eastbound traffic) of the entrance to the dam.</p><br>
<p>Wahclella is at the midpoint of the well maintained trail number 436 loop that forms a 1.8 mi roundtrip. The falls are divided into upper and lower segments with a combined height of 350 ft, the upper section is not completely visible while the fully visible lower segment stands 60 ft in height as it thunders out of a narrow gorge carved through dark gray basalt.</p><br>
<p>The plunge pool has a picturesque quality due to the surrounding natural walls that form a semi-circular rotunda extending from the falls to the main vantage point. As with most waterfalls, Wahclella does exhibit some seasonality of water flow. However, because Tanner Creek is sourced primarily by an underground spring, the flow is never dramatically affected by adverse weather.</p><br>
<p>Wahclella Falls was named after a nearby village of Native Americans by the Mazama mountaineering club in 1915. Although Wahclella Falls is its officially recognized name, the United States Geological Survey still records the waterfall as Tanner Creek Falls.</p><br>
<p>The United States Forest Service charges a fee or requires a pass for parking at the trail head.</p><br>
<p>Spencer Butte is a prominent landmark in Lane County, Oregon, United States, described in the National Geodetic Survey as "a prominent timbered butte with a bare rocky summit" on the southern edge of Eugene, with an elevation of 2,058 ft. The tree cover on the butte is predominantly Douglas-fir, however the butte is treeless at its summit. The butte is the tallest point visible when looking south from downtown Eugene.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The butte was called Champ-a te or Cham-o-tee by the native Kalapuya, meaning rattlesnake.</p><br>
<p>One popular theory is that Spencer Butte was named for a young Englishman of the Hudson&#39;s Bay Company named Spencer, who was said to have been killed by the Kalapuya after climbing the hill alone. Another, less popular theory holds that the butte was named after Secretary of War John C. Spencer in July 1845 by Elijah White. Spencer was no longer Secretary of War by 1845, however.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The song "All Of Me Wants All You" by Sufjan Stevens mentions Spencer Butte twice; the song is from the album Carrie & Lowell, which also includes a song titled "Eugene" after the city, and makes many other references to places in Oregon.</p><br>
<p>The historic Washington County Courthouse in Stillwater, Minnesota, United States, is one of the oldest standing courthouses in Minnesota. It was the center of Washington County government for over a century, from the buildings completion in 1870 until 1975. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 for having state-level significance in the themes of architecture and government/politics. It was nominated as Minnesotas oldest functioning courthouse and one of its few surviving examples of monumental public architecture from the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse was designed by Augustus Knight of St. Paul, in the Italianate style. When the courthouse opened in 1870, the county was doing a booming business in the lumber industry. The courthouse reflected the countys wealth and overlooked the city from atop Zions Hill. The foundation is built of limestone, and the building has a brick facade and is topped with a prominent dome, cupola, and flagpole.</p><br>
<p>When the county offices were moved to the new Washington County Government Center in 1975, efforts began to reuse the structure. Restoration has been funded through donations from local businesses and community groups, as well as grants from foundations.</p><br>
<p>Siruvani Waterfalls and the dam named after them are located 35 km west of Coimbatore in the Western Ghats. The reservoir at Siruvani was built for Tamil Nadu by the Kerala government with funds collected by the Tamil Nadu government to meet the drinking water requirements of Coimbatore. The gateways on either side of the road across the dam are typical of the Kerala and Tamil architectural styles. Siruvani is also home to certain tribals like the Mudugars and Irulars. Water from Siruvani River is renowned for its taste and mineral properties, and the view from the falls and the dam is a tourist attraction.</p><br>
<p>The sweetness has been attributed to the vegetation and rocks through which the water flows in the Attapady area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The government gave its approval for construction of the `masonry gravity&#39; dam in February 1915; work did not start immediately; if one correlates the information from the Archaeology Department, Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage (TWAD) Board and the district gazette.</p><br>
<p>The villagers of Boluvampatti and Alandurai opposed the scheme, as they feared it would affect them. But they were convinced about the benefits of bringing Siruvani water to a town that was growing.</p><br>
<p>Construction began in 1927. The dam site was in an extremely unfriendly terrain and wild animals frequented the place. So, all those engaged in construction work stayed in the guest house near Iruttu pallam. They rode to the dam site on horses with gunmen providing security. Even now, a visit to the Siruvani dam is not much different (except that one doesn&#39;t have to travel on a horse). Forest guards continue to accompany those who visit the dam. The initial cost of construction was Rs. 2,17,725 (for 23 feet). The reason for selecting the site was that it had perennial streams. The area below the Siruvani, Muthikulam falls, Gobiyaru, Solaiyaru, Pattiyaru, Veeraru and Paambaru falls, the main sources of supply, was identified for construction.</p><br>
<p>There were plans to commission a hydroelectric project at Siruvani, but the move was dropped as the Pykara project in the Nilgiris was mooted at the time. Major and minor construction works continued till 1984 and the total cost was Rs. 26.12 crores.</p><br>
<p>The drawal from the dam was in 1931 was 113 lakh litres for a population of more than 95,000.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s, the drawal was scaled down to 130 lakh litres from 186 lakh litres in the summer as inflow into the Muthikulam reduced by half.</p><br>
<h2>Visitor information</h2><br>
<p>It is situated at Siruvani Hills at 37 km from Coimbatore and 6 km from Karunya University. Sadivayal Checkpost, where an entry fee Rs. 50 is charged, is at the gateway to the waterfalls. Private vehicles are not allowed beyond this point; however vehicles arranged by the forest department can be used for the conveyance to the point where trek is to be started. No extra charges for this service.</p><br>
<p>An almost 1 km trek-walk through forest is required to reach exact place for bathing.</p><br>
<p>Bus lines 59C, 59, 14E, and the Sirvani and Sadivayal buses, ply at regular intervals from Coimbatore (Gandhipuram Town bus stand). Other projects and places nearby are Parambikulam, Aliyar, Sholiyar, Palar rivers and the Anaimalai Hills range.</p><br>
<p>Here are some photographs from August 2005.</p><br>
<p>Siruvani Falls view from path 2 falls.jpgView of Siruvani falls from path towards falls</p><br>
<p>Siruvani Waterfalls Upper part.jpgView of all cascades of Siruvani falls above the bathing area</p><br>
<p>Siruvani Falls Upper Cascades.jpgView of upper cascades above the bathing area</p><br>
<p>Siruvani Falls lower cascades.jpgView of lower cascades above the bathing area</p><br>
<p>Siruvani Falls bathing area.jpgBathing area below the main cascades of the falls</p><br>
<p>Grasmere is one of the smaller lakes of the English Lake District, in the county of Cumbria. It gives its name to the village of Grasmere, famously associated with the poet William Wordsworth, which lies immediately to the north of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The lake is 1680 yd (1540 m) long and 700 yd (640 m) wide, covering an area of 0.24 mi² (0.62 km²). It has a maximum depth of 70 ft (21m) and an elevation above sea level of 208 ft (62 m). The lake is both fed and drained by the River Rothay, which flows through the village before entering the lake, and then exits downstream into nearby Rydal Water, beyond which it continues into Windermere.</p><br>
<p>The waters of the lake are leased by the Lowther Estate to the National Trust. The waters are navigable, with private boats allowed and rowing boats for hire, but powered boats are prohibited.</p><br>
<p>The lake contains a single island, known as The Island. In 2017 this island was bequeathed to the National Trust. This gift has particular significance to the National Trust, as the organisation was founded in response to the sale of the same island to a private bidder in 1893. Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley felt that such a location should instead be in public ownership, and soon afterwards started the National Trust with Octavia Hill and Robert Hunter.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>" The lake flanked by grass; gres, mere. Early spellings in Grys-, Gris(s)- might suggest ON griss young pig as 1st el., but the weight of the evidence points to OE/ON gres grass, with the modern form influenced by Standard English....The medial -s(s)e- may, as suggested by Eilert Ekwall in DEPN, point to ON gres-saer grass-lake as the original name.". Plus the element "mere OE, ModE lake, pool&#39;".</p><br>
<p>(OE is Old English up to around AD 1100; ON is Old Norse.)</p><br>
<p>The Rapoldi-Weiher lies in the park with the same name in the district Pradl in Innsbruck. It was erected as recreation area. With an area size of 1.5 ha the Lake is a larger waters in the city area.</p><br>
<p>The Lake possesses an artificial feed pipe, which takes the water from the Sill River subterraneously and supplies the Lake with it. An outflow with 70 metres length leads the water back into the river. Nevertheless, the Lake is soiling more and more. Algae spread sporadically and make the water brown. The critical C grade quality is an alarm signal for the city administration to take actions in time before the Lake turns into a dead zone. The Lake is a protected living space for various kind of ducks and carps though.</p><br>
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<p>The Grand 1894 Opera House in Galveston, Texas is currently operated as a not-for-profit performing arts theatre. The Romanesque Revival style Opera House is located at 2020 Post Office Street in Galveston&#39;s Historic Downtown Cultural Arts District. It was named "The Official Opera House of Texas" in 1993 by the 73rd Texas Legislature. It has a seating capacity of 1,040.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1894, Henry Greenwall raised $100,000 for construction of The Grand Opera House and Hotel in Galveston. It opened on January 3, 1895 with a live performance of the play, The Daughters of Eve. The Grand has stood through notable hurricanes, including the Galveston Hurricane of 1900, Galveston Hurricane of 1915, Hurricane Carla, and Hurricane Ike. The Grand began as a major, live performing arts theatre but after passing through a Vaudeville phase, it slowly evolved into a movie house. The movie house closed in 1974 and was purchased the same year by the Galveston County Cultural Arts Council. They transformed the movie house back into a theatre and then renovated and restored it to its former beauty. The restoration included volunteer efforts and support from private foundations. The theatre was listed in the National Register of Historic Places as "1894 Grand Opera House" in 1974. The Galveston County Cultural Arts Council owned the Opera House until 1986, when it became a stand alone organization known as 1894, Inc. Maureen M. Patton is The Grand&#39;s Executive Director, having served as Director under the Arts Council beginning in 1981. Hurricane Ike hit Galveston Island on September 13, 2008, but The Grand was reopened on January 3, 2009 on its 114th anniversary. All of the damage that the hurricane and the flood had caused was repaired with only 92 days of construction.</p><br>
<h2>Notable Performers</h2><br>
<p>Sarah Bernhardt</p><br>
<p>Ignace Paderewski</p><br>
<p>Anna Pavlova</p><br>
<p>John Philip Sousa</p><br>
<p>Madame Modjeska</p><br>
<p>Otis Skinner</p><br>
<p>George M. Cohan</p><br>
<p>William Jennings Bryan</p><br>
<p>Lillian Russell</p><br>
<p>Maude Adams</p><br>
<p>The Marx Brothers</p><br>
<p>George Burns and Gracie Allen</p><br>
<p>Dorothy Kirsten</p><br>
<p>Helen Hayes</p><br>
<p>Lionel Hampton</p><br>
<p>Steve Lawrence and Eydie Gormé</p><br>
<p>Hal Holbrook</p><br>
<p>Vienna Choir Boys</p><br>
<p>Ray Charles</p><br>
<p>Willie Nelson</p><br>
<p>Lyle Lovett</p><br>
<p>Liza Minnelli</p><br>
<p>The Oak Ridge Boys</p><br>
<p>James Earl Jones</p><br>
<p>Tony Bennett</p><br>
<p>Marilyn Horne</p><br>
<p>Itzhak Perlman</p><br>
<p>Johnny Mathis</p><br>
<p>Larry Gatlin and the Gatlin Brothers</p><br>
<p>Paul Anka</p><br>
<p>Bernadette Peters</p><br>
<p>Tommy Tune</p><br>
<p>The Grand also has been the presenter of several premieres: Red White & Tuna and Tuna Does Vegas, two of four comedic plays written and performed by Greater Tuna creators, Jaston Williams and Joe Sears; and ANN, a one-woman play about the life of Texas Governor Ann Richards, written and performed by Holland Taylor.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>"When it opened in 1895, the 70 x 37 x 69&#39; stage was THE LARGEST IN THE STATE OF TEXAS and one of the largest in the country... Even today, a stage whisper can be heard without a microphone, and no seat is more than 70 feet from the stage."</p><br>
<p>The Grand has been through natural disasters, such as fires and hurricanes, as well as neglect during its time as a movie house. It has been rebuilt and remodeled more than once, such as during the devastating Galveston Hurricane of 1900, when its rear wall and roof caved in.</p><br>
<p>The front wall of the building is made of red stone, brick, and terra cotta; the large, glass doors are framed by a carved, Romanesque style stone arch. Inside, the glass box office sits in between the two sets of doors. The carpet is a historic pattern of colors found in the decorative curtain and stenciling of roses and scrolls on the ceiling and boxes. The floors are marble tile, and the walls are wainscot. The banisters and railings are of long leaf red-heart pine, like the wainscot. A large, bronze statue of a woman holding a torch stands on the newel post on The Grand staircase. Inside the theater auditorium, red, velvet curtains frame the stage and eight opera boxes. Blue velour lines the chairs. The stage curtain (originally painted by architect Frank Cox) is a replication of the original, depicting “Sappho and Companions”.</p><br>
<p>Rowhill Nature Reserve  is a nature reserve situated in Hampshire on the Surrey border between Aldershot and Farnham and residential roads adjoining the A325 and the Alton railway line in England.</p><br>
<p>Rowhill Nature Reserve straddles the border between Aldershot and Farnham. It is linked to the Rowhill area, by name, but does not form part of the Rowhill ward. The source of the River Blackwater is located within the nature reserve.</p><br>
<p>The reserve includes a field centre which is open in the afternoon on Sundays and Bank holidays.</p><br>
<p>The nature reserve is owned by Rushmoor Borough Council and is maintained by a group of volunteers from the Rowhill Nature Reserve Society. The society received the Queen&#39;s Award for Voluntary Service in 2011. While the reserve is owned by Rushmoor Borough Council, it was declared a local nature reserve by Waverley Borough Council in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The nature reserve also lends its name to a ward for certain elections forming the southwest of Aldershot, which is also known simply as West End.</p><br>
<p>Agios Georgios Nileias  is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Milies, Magnesia, Greece. It is situated on the slopes of mount Pelion, at about 700 m elevation. Its population in 2001 was 142 for the village, and 963 for the community. Agios Georgios Nileias is 1.5 km east of Agios Vlasios, 3 km northwest of Pinakates, 6 km northwest of Milies and 13 km east of Volos. Agios Georgios Nileias has a municipal museum with works of the sculptor Nikolaos Pavlopoulos.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The community Agios Georgios Nileias consists of the following villages:</p><br>
<p>Agios Georgios (elevation: 700 m, 2011 population: 142)</p><br>
<p>Agia Triada (elevation: 500 m, pop.: 141)</p><br>
<p>Ano Gatzea (elevation: 150 m, pop.: 297)</p><br>
<p>Dyo Revmata (elevation: 500 m, pop.: 23)</p><br>
<p>Kato Gatzea (seaside settlement, pop.: 360)</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to tradition, the village was founded by shepherds who found an icon in a bush. Its inhabitants lived in the village in the summer and in the winter they moved to villages at lower elevations, such as Agia Triada, Ano Gatzea and Kato Gatzea. The village revolted during the Greek War of Independence of 1821, but the revolt was suppressed by the Ottoman Pasha Dramali and the village was burnt. Agios Georgios joined the rest of Greece in 1881. The village became a part of the municipality of Nileia (named after the ancient city Nelia, located close to modern Volos), which was dissolved in 1914. Agios Georgios Nileias was an independent community from 1914 until 1998, when it became part of the municipality Milies.</p><br>
<h2>Persons</h2><br>
<p>Yiannis Poulakas (1863–1942) painter</p><br>
<p>Nikolaos Pavlopoulos (1909–1990) sculptor and writer</p><br>
<p>National American Bank Building, located at 200 Carondelet Street in the Central Business District of New Orleans, Louisiana, is a 23-story, 325 ft-tall skyscraper. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The building is recognized by its golden Art Deco finial.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed from 1928 to 1929, under the direction of Louisiana architect Moise Goldstein; the general contractor was George J. Glover Company. Construction consisted of a steel skeleton plus concrete and hollow tiles. Bricks were used for common walls.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1980s, when the building was assessed for National Register listing, the interior lobby area was marble clad, and the ceiling was described as, "gold and silver leaf pressed metal with a repeating chevron and diamond point pattern". The banking hall roof was supported by columns, and bronze was used for elevator doors, panels, and check stations. The banking hall also retained its original chandeliers, as well as walnut paneling on the walls.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During peak occupation of the building in the 20th century, banks utilized the ground floor and mezzanine, while upper floors were occupied by law firms and other businesses. By 2000, the building was vacant. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, renovation opportunities arose to replace thousands of rental units lost in the storm. Renovation of the structure was completed in 2008, using public and private investment to convert the building into mixed income residential apartments, under the name "200 Carondelet".</p><br>
<p>Kings Chapel Burying Ground is a historic cemetery on Tremont Street, near its intersection with School Street, in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the oldest cemetery in the city and is a site on the Freedom Trail. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Despite its name, the cemetery pre-dates the adjacent Kings Chapel; it is not affiliated to that or any other church.</p><br>
<p>Kings Chapel Burying Ground was founded in 1630 as the first cemetery in the city of Boston. According to custom, the first interment was that of the lands original owner, Isaac Johnson. It was Bostons only burial site for 30 years (1630–1660). After being unable to locate land elsewhere, in 1686 the local Anglican congregation was allotted land in the cemetery to build Kings Chapel.</p><br>
<p>Today there are 505 headstones and 59 footstones remaining from the more than one thousand people buried in the small space since its inception. There are also 78 tombs, of which 36 have markers. This includes the large vault, built as a charnel house that was converted into a tomb for children&#39;s remains in 1833. The earliest tombs are scattered among the grave markers. Most are in tabletop form.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Charles Apthorp, merchant</p><br>
<p>Mary Chilton, Plymouth Pilgrim, first European woman to step ashore in New England</p><br>
<p>Captain Roger Clapp, member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts, died February 2, 1691, formerly lived at Dorchester (Capt. Clapp&#39;s son Desire is also interred close by)</p><br>
<p>John Cotton, Puritan theologian</p><br>
<p>John Davenport, Puritan theologian</p><br>
<p>William Dawes (disputed), American Revolution hero</p><br>
<p>William Emerson (father of Ralph Waldo Emerson)</p><br>
<p>Robert Keayne, first captain of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts</p><br>
<p>John Lambert, pirate who sailed under John Quelch</p><br>
<p>John Oxenbridge, Puritan theologian</p><br>
<p>Elizabeth Pain, whose headstone is claimed to be the inspiration for Hester Prynne&#39;s in The Scarlet Letter</p><br>
<p>Dr. Comfort Starr, early Cambridge physician and a founder of Harvard College</p><br>
<p>Hezekiah Usher, first bookseller and book publisher in the British Colonies.</p><br>
<p>John Wilson Puritan theologian</p><br>
<p>John Winthrop, first Puritan governor of Massachusetts</p><br>
